核心思想：

演讲者的任务就是要在听众的心里种下一个想法，听众每个人的世界观都不一样，看到一个东西，每个人的反应略有不同，利用他们已有的认知，通过我们的沟通和比喻，来改变他们的想法，来把想法种下。

1. 一次演讲只选取一个主题，全程围绕这个主题演讲。

2. 给你的听众关注你的理由，利用他们的好奇，关注有自己的世界观，我们要影响他们的世界观，他们的世界观知识中有不完善的地方，我们要架起一座通往他们还未建立起知识体系的桥梁。

3. 一点点地打造你的想法，利用听众已知的认知，用比喻的方法，一点点的建立。

4. 问问你自己，你所分享的东西是否真的值得分享，是不是对所有人都有益处。

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原文：

Chris Anderson:TED's secret to great public speaking

Some people think that there's a TED Talk formula:

有些人认为TED演讲有固定套路

"Give a talk on a round, red rug."

演讲在圆形 红色地毯

"Share a childhood story."

分享一段 童年经历

"Divulge a personal secret."

泄露个人秘密

"End with an inspiring call to action."

以一段振奋人心的叫喊结束

No. That's not how to think of a TED Talk. In fact, if you overuse those devices, you're just going to come across as cliched or emotionally manipulative.

不，那不是关于TED演讲的思考，实际上，如果你过度使用这些技巧，你讲的只会是陈词滥调或者操纵人们的情绪。

But there is one thing that all great TED Talks have in common, and I would like to share that thing with you,

但这里有一件事是公认好的TED演讲具有的，我想把那个分享给你。

because over the past 12 years, I've had a ringside seat, listening to many hundreds of amazing TED speakers, like these. I've helped them prepare their talks for prime time, and learned directly from them their secrets of what makes for a great talk.

因为这12年多的时间，我有看台席位，可以听许多精彩者的演讲。在黄金时间我帮助他们准备演讲稿，学习他们怎样做一场伟大演讲的秘密。

And even though these speakers and their topics all seem completely different, they actually do have one key common ingredient. And it's this: Your number one task as a speaker is to transfer into your listeners' minds an extraordinary gift — a strange and beautiful object that we call an idea.

虽然演讲者、主题不同，但他们有一个关键的相同点。它就是：作为演讲者你的首要任务是向听众传递一件与众不同的礼物。与众不同又美丽的东西，我们称之为想法。

Let me show you what I mean. Here's Haley. She is about to give a TED Talk and frankly, she's terrified.

让我告诉你我的意思。这是海利，她将要做一个TED演讲，坦白地说，她吓坏了。

(Video) Presenter: Haley Van Dyck!

主持人：海利xx

Over the course of 18 minutes, 1,200 people, many of whom have never seen each other before, are finding that their brains are starting to sync with Haley's brain and with each other. They're literally beginning to exhibit the same brain-wave patterns. And I don't just mean they're feeling the same emotions. There's something even more startling happening.

在18分钟的过程中，1200名观众，他们大多数人从来没见过对方，他们发现他们的大脑开始和海利的大脑同步。他们差不多开始呈现相同的脑电波。我的意思不仅是他们有相同的情绪。还有些令人惊讶的事将要发生。

Let's take a look inside Haley's brain for a moment. There are billions of interconnected neurons in an impossible tangle. But look here, right here — a few million of them are linked to each other in a way which represents a single idea. And incredibly, this exact pattern is being recreated in real time inside the minds of everyone listening. That's right; in just a few minutes, a pattern involving millions of neurons is being teleported into 1,200 minds, just by people listening to a voice and watching a face.

让我们看一下海利脑里的想法。有数以亿计的互相连接的神经元纷繁交错。但是看这，就是这，数百万神经元连在一起代表同一个想法。难以置信的是，同样的模型正在实时再现在每一位听众的大脑里。那好，只是在几分钟，百万神经元的连接模型正在传送到1200人大脑里，只是因为人们听了语言、盯着脸看了看。

But wait — what is an idea anyway? Well, you can think of it as a pattern of information that helps you understand and navigate the world. Ideas come in all shapes and sizes, from the complex and analytical to the simple and aesthetic.

等下，到底是什么想法？那好，你可以把它想成信息模式，帮助你理解、遨游这个世界。想法可以是各种各样形状和尺寸，从复杂的、需要分析的到简单而美丽的。

Here are just a few examples shared from the TED stage. Sir Ken Robinson — creativity is key to our kids' future.

这里只是分享TED舞台上的一些例子。ken先生说过，创造力是通往孩子未来的钥匙。

(Video) Sir Ken Robinson: My contention is that creativity now is as important in education as literacy, and we should treat it with the same status.

ken先生：我想说的是创造力在教育中和能读能写一样重要，我们应该同样重视它。

Chris Anderson: Elora Hardy — building from bamboo is beautiful.

竹子的生长太美了

(Video) Elora Hardy: It is growing all around us, it's strong, it's elegant, it's earthquake-resistant.

生长在周围，强壮，优美，抗震的。

CA: Chimamanda Adichie — people are more than a single identity.

人们不仅仅是一个身份。

(Video) Chimamanda Adichie: The single story creates stereotypes, and the problem with stereotypes is not that they are untrue, but that they are incomplete.

单一故事制造刻板印象，刻板印象的问题不是他们不真实，是他们不够完成。

CA: Your mind is teeming with ideas, and not just randomly. They're carefully linked together. Collectively they form an amazingly complex structure that is your personal worldview. It's your brain's operating system. It's how you navigate the world. And it is built up out of millions of individual ideas.

你的脑子里充满想法，不是杂乱无章的。他们小心翼翼地连接在一起。他们全部由神奇的复杂结构组成，组成你的个人视野。它是你的大脑操作系统。它带你遨游世界。它由数百万独特的想法组成。

So, for example, if one little component of your worldview is the idea that kittens are adorable, then when you see this, you'll react like this. But if another component of your worldview is the idea that leopards are dangerous, then when you see this, you'll react a little bit differently. So, it's pretty obvious why the ideas that make up your worldview are crucial. You need them to be as reliable as possible — a guide, to the scary but wonderful real world out there.

举例来说，如果你的想法构成中有一点是小猫是可爱的，那当你看到这个，你就会反应喜欢这个。但是其他脑海中有豹子危险，当你看到它，就会有点不一样。所以，构成你世界观的观点是非常重要的。你需要他们尽可能可靠，有向导性。走进可怕的但又真实精彩的世界。

Now, different people's worldviews can be dramatically different. For example, how does your worldview react when you see this image:

当今不同人的世界观很明显不同。例如，当看到这张图你的世界观是怎样反应的？

(Video) Dalia Mogahed: What do you think when you look at me? "A woman of faith," "an expert," maybe even "a sister"? Or "oppressed," "brainwashed," "a terrorist"?

看到我，你在想什么？有信仰的女人，专家，可能是秀女？或者受压迫的，被洗脑的，恐怖分子？

CA: Whatever your answer, there are millions of people out there who would react very differently. So that's why ideas really matter. If communicated properly, they're capable of changing, forever, how someone thinks about the world, and shaping their actions both now and well into the future. Ideas are the most powerful force shaping human culture.

不管你怎么回答，有反应各不相同的数百万人。所以为什么想法很重要。如果适当沟通，他们能从此改变，一个人怎样思考这个世界，检视他们的行为，更好的面对未来。想法是最有力地促使人改变习惯的。

So if you accept that your number one task as a speaker is to build an idea inside the minds of your audience, here are four guidelines for how you should go about that task:

如果你接受你的首要任务是成为一个创建一个在你听众脑海想法的演讲者，这里有四条指南告诉你应该怎样做

One, limit your talk to just one major idea. Ideas are complex things; you need to slash back your content so that you can focus on the single idea you're most passionate about, and give yourself a chance to explain that one thing properly. You have to give context, share examples, make it vivid. So pick one idea, and make it the through-line running through your entire talk, so that everything you say links back to it in some way.

1. 演讲围绕一个主题。想法是复杂的事情；你需要精简你的内容，这样你就能聚焦一个内容而且是你最感兴趣的，给你自己一个机会适当地去解释一件事。你得给出上下文，分享案例，使它生动。所以选取一个想法，使它贯穿演讲，这样你讲的所有事都可以通过一些方式回到主题。

Two, give your listeners a reason to care. Before you can start building things inside the minds of your audience, you have to get their permission to welcome you in. And the main tool to achieve that? Curiosity. Stir your audience's curiosity. Use intriguing, provocative questions to identify why something doesn't make sense and needs explaining. If you can reveal a disconnection in someone's worldview, they'll feel the need to bridge that knowledge gap. And once you've sparked that desire, it will be so much easier to start building your idea.

2. 给听众一个关注你的理由。在你在听众脑海中创建想法之前，你要获得他们欢迎你进入的允许。获得它的主要工具是什么呢？好奇心。点燃听众的好奇心。用有趣、让人兴奋的问题去解释为什么有些事不合清理、需要解释。如果你能揭示他们还没创建的练习，他们将跟你要一个知识的桥梁。一旦你激起他们的欲望，开始种下你的想法就太容易了。

Three, build your idea, piece by piece, out of concepts that your audience already understands. You use the power of language to weave together concepts that already exist in your listeners' minds — but not your language, their language. You start where they are. The speakers often forget that （many of the terms and concepts they live with） are completely unfamiliar to their audiences. Now, metaphors can play a crucial role in showing how the pieces fit together, because they reveal the desired shape of the pattern, based on an idea that the listener already understands.

第三，一点点地打造你的想法，利用听众现有的知识体系。你用强大的语言把已经存在在听众脑海里 的概念组织起来，但不是你的语言，是用听众的。从他们的角度出发。演讲者经常会忘了很多自己熟悉的术语和概念对于观众来说是完全陌生的。现在，比喻可以扮演重要角色，把概念组织起来，因为他们能形象地展示整体结构，基于观众已经认知的知识基础。

For example, when Jennifer Kahn wanted to explain the incredible new biotechnology called CRISPR, she said, "It's as if, for the first time, you had a word processor to edit DNA. CRISPR allows you to cut and paste genetic information really easily." Now, a vivid explanation like that delivers a satisfying aha moment as it snaps into place in our minds. It's important, therefore, to test your talk on trusted friends, and find out which parts they get confused by.

举例来说，当kahn想要解释难以置信的新生物科技叫做CRISPR，她说，这就好像，有史以来第一次，你有一个世界处理器去编辑DNA。CRISPR让你可以拷贝和粘贴遗传信息非常容易，现在，一个生动地解释让人恍然大悟，瞬间明白怎么回事。它很重要，因此，把你的演讲说给值得信赖的朋友听，找到哪个部分他们是困惑的。

Four, here's the final tip: Make your idea worth sharing. By that I mean, ask yourself the question: "Who does this idea benefit?" And I need you to be honest with the answer. If the idea only serves you or your organization, then, I'm sorry to say, it's probably not worth sharing. The audience will see right through you. But if you believe that the idea has the potential to brighten up someone else's day or change someone else's perspective for the better or inspire someone to do something differently, then you have the core ingredient to a truly great talk, one that can be a gift to them and to all of us.

第四，最后一个原则：你的想法值得分享。我的意思是，问问你自己这个问题：“这个想法的受益者是谁？” 我想让你诚实地回答这个问题。如果这个想法只是对你好或者你的组织，那我很抱歉，它可能不值得分享。听众会立刻看穿你。但是如果你相信这个想法有潜力去给其他人带来灵感或者改善别人的观点，或者激发某些人做事不一样，那你就有了核心要素去实现一个伟大的演讲，那是给他们的礼物，也是给我们自己。

原文链接：http://www.ted.com/talks/chris_anderson_teds_secret_to_great_public_speaking/transcript?language=en#t-342093

中文链接：http://open.163.com/movie/2016/5/J/N/MBLAG3QFA_MBLAGECJN.html