负载均衡实例

主要内容：

1.根据客户端的用户设备进行转发

2.动静分离

3.根据文件的不同需求来进行转发

4.cookie与session

一、根据客户端的用户设备进行转发

根据客户端的用户设备进行转发.jpg

1.准备环境：

（1）.web01

[root@web01 ~]# echo 'this is PC website' >/app/www/lidao.html

（2）web02

[root@web01 ~]# echo 'this is Mobile website' >/app/www/lidao.html

（3）测试

[root@lb01 ~]# curl 10.0.0.7/lidao.html
this  is   PC  website
[root@lb01 ~]# curl 10.0.0.8/lidao.html
this is Mobile  website
[root@lb01 ~]#

2.修改lb01的配置文件

[root@lb01 ~]# cat nginx.conf 

user  nginx;
worker_processes  1;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;
     upstream  default {
      server 10.0.0.7:80  weight=1 max_fails=3  fail_timeout=10s;
     }
     upstream  mobile {
      server 10.0.0.8:80  weight=1 max_fails=3  fail_timeout=10s;
     }
#    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
     server  {
     listen 80;
     server_name   www.oldboy.com;
     location / {
      if ( $http_user_agent ~* "Android|IOS" ){
        proxy_pass  http://mobile;
      }
      proxy_pass  http://default;
      proxy_set_header  Host $host;
      proxy_set_header  X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
      } 
   }
}

3.使用curl -A 指定不同的操作系统在xshell上进行检查是否实现

[root@lb01 ~]# curl -A android 10.0.0.5/lidao.html
this is Mobile  website
[root@lb01 ~]# curl -A IOS 10.0.0.5/lidao.html
this is Mobile  website
[root@lb01 ~]# curl -A windows 10.0.0.5/lidao.html
this is Mobile  website

4.使用火狐浏览器添加插件User agent Switcher分别变换为移动端和pc端进行访问

火狐浏览器访问.png

二、动静分离

1.准备环境

（1）web01

mkdir -p /app/www/upload
echo  this  is upload > /app/www/upload/guoav.html

（2）web02：

mkdir -p /app/www/static
echo  this  is static > /app/www/static/guoav.html

（3）web03：

echo  this  is default > /app/www/guoav.html

2.在lb01上进行检查：

[root@lb01 nginx]# curl 10.0.0.7/upload/guoav.html
this is upload 
[root@lb01 nginx]# curl 10.0.0.8/static/guoav.html
this is static
[root@lb01 nginx]# curl 10.0.0.9/guoav.html
this is default

3.修改lb01的配置文件

[root@lb01 ~]# cat nginx.conf 

user  nginx;
worker_processes  1;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;
     upstream  upload {
      server 10.0.0.7:80  weight=1 max_fails=3  fail_timeout=10s;
     }
     upstream  static {
      server 10.0.0.8:80  weight=1 max_fails=3  fail_timeout=10s;
     }
     upstream  default {
      server 10.0.0.9:80  weight=1 max_fails=3  fail_timeout=10s;
     }
#    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
     server  {
     listen 80;
     server_name   www.oldboy.com;
     location /upload {
      proxy_pass  http://upload;
      proxy_set_header  Host $host;
      proxy_set_header  X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
      } 
     location /static {
      proxy_pass  http://static;
      proxy_set_header  Host $host;
      proxy_set_header  X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
      } 
     location / {
      proxy_pass  http://default;
      proxy_set_header  Host $host;
      proxy_set_header  X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
      } 
   }
}

4.在xshell上进行测试

[root@lb01 nginx]# curl 10.0.0.7/upload/guoav.html
this is upload 
[root@lb01 nginx]# curl 10.0.0.8/static/guoav.html
this is static
[root@lb01 nginx]# curl 10.0.0.9/guoav.html
this is default

5.在浏览器上访问

动静分离.png

三、根据不同的文件类型进行转发

lb01的配置文件

[root@lb01 ~]# cat nginx.conf 
user  nginx;
worker_processes  1;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;
     upstream  upload {
      server 10.0.0.7:80  weight=1 max_fails=3  fail_timeout=10s;
     }
     upstream  static {
      server 10.0.0.8:80  weight=1 max_fails=3  fail_timeout=10s;
     }
     upstream  default {
      server 10.0.0.9:80  weight=1 max_fails=3  fail_timeout=10s;
     }
#    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
     server  {
     listen 80;
     server_name   www.oldboy.com;
     location /upload {
      proxy_pass  http://upload;
      proxy_set_header  Host $host;
      proxy_set_header  X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
      } 
     location ~* "\(png|jpg|jpeg|html|css)" {
      proxy_pass  http://static;
      proxy_set_header  Host $host;
      proxy_set_header  X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
      } 
     location / {
      proxy_pass  http://default;
      proxy_set_header  Host $host;
      proxy_set_header  X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
      } 
   }
}

四、cookie与session

1.cookie与session的共同点

存放用户信息
key value 类型变量和变量内容

2.cookie和session的区别

cookie：
存放在浏览器中
存放简单的信息或者钥匙
session：
存放在服务器上
存放比较敏感的信息
或者说是存放锁头

cookis.png