1. 什么是SpringBoot
简化新Spring应用的初始搭建及开发过程。
使用特定方式进行配置,开发人员不再需要定义样板化配置。
个人理解并不是新框架,而是默认配置很多框架的使用方式。
2.新建SpringBoot项目
-
File -> New -> project
-
选择Spring Initializr,Next
Group 输入组织例如“com.hnzskj”, Artifict输入项目名称 "hello",Type 默认 Maven Project,Language ,Packaging 选择项目打包方式,可以为war/jar。选择Java版本。Next
- 选择项目所需要的框架,这里基本包含所有的常用框架,不再过多描述。Next
- next,等待下载项目模板和Maven项目依赖
至此,一个SpringBoot项目创建完毕。
SpringBoot项目pom文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>hello</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>hello</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.10.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
2. Springboot创建HelloWorld
只需要加入@RestController注解,不需要编写任何xml文件指定controller扫描包就可以执行。
@RestController
public class HelloWorldController {
@RequestMapping(value = "hello",method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String sayHello() {
return "Hello,World";
}
}
通过启动HelloApplication中的mian方法启动项目
@SpringBootApplication
public class HelloApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(HelloApplication.class, args);
}
}
浏览器输入:localhost:8080/hello,看到Hello,World
Springboot自带pom文件中包含启动项目所需要的容器,因此不需要再手动进行配置Tomcat。
3. SpringBoot创建单元测试
spring-boot-starter-test默认包含mock和junit依赖
开发环境建议编写单元测试,减少修改成本。打包时不建议跳过测试。
package com.zskj.controller;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringBootConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.mock.web.MockServletContext;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvcBuilder;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = MockServletContext.class)
public class HelloWorldControllerTest {
private MockMvc mockMvc;
@Before
public void setUp() {
mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(new HelloWorldController()).build();
}
@Test
public void sayHello() throws Exception {
mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/hello")
.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
.andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())
.andReturn();
}
}
4. 热部署
添加POM依赖
<!-- 热部署调试 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
配置插件
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<!-- 开发环境调试设置 -->
<configuration>
<fork>true</fork>
</configuration>
</plugin>
5. Json接口开发
使用@RestController注解声明,不需要再配置RequestBody
package com.zskj.controller;
import com.zskj.Enums.SexEnum;
import com.zskj.bean.User;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
/**
* @描述: .
* @作者: chengzx
* @创建时间 2018/2/24
* @版本 1.0
*/
@RestController
@RequestMapping("user")
public class UserController {
@RequestMapping(value = "getUser",method = RequestMethod.GET)
public User getUser(){
User user = new User();
user.setAddress("郑州市");
user.setAge(30);
user.setName("中审科技");
user.setSex(SexEnum.M);
return user;
}
}
6. 自定义property
application.properties中添加自定义配置
# 测试自定义配置
hello=hello
aaa=bbb
测试代码
@Value("${hello}")
private String name;
@RequestMapping(value = "hello", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String sayHello() {
return "Hello," + name;
}
SpringBoot可以根据开发环境、生产环境生成多个配置文件,通过spring.profiles.active来指定生效的配置文件。子配置文件可以用 - 进行连接:
spring.profiles.active = dev
生效的文件为 application-dev.properties
配置文件先从指定的子配置文件中找,如果子配置文件中有,则从子配置文件中获取,子配置文件没有的再从根配置文件获取。
直接在使用@Value("${配置名称}")的方式获取配置文件中的值。
7. SpringBoot打包
打jar包
idea中maven窗口的install按钮可以直接打包到target目录下
打完jar包之后可以在服务器上直接java -jar xxx.jar启动。
java -jar xxx.jar
这样关闭控制台后服务也会关闭。
可以在命令后添加 & 使服务进行后台运行
java -jar xxx.jar &
也可以在启动时候添加配置,比如指定需要使用的配置文件
java -jar xxx.jar --spring.profiles.active=dev
打war包
需要在pom文件中指定打包方式为war
<packaging>war</packaging>
打包时排除tomcat:
在这里将scope属性设置为provided,这样在最终形成的WAR中不会包含这个JAR包
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
8. SpringBoot整合Mybatis
配置文件:
application.properties指定数据源和mybatis相关配置
mybatis.config-locations=classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml
mybatis.mapper-locations=classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml
mybatis.type-aliases-package=com.neo.entity
#数据源配置
spring.datasource.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://47.94.240.184:3306/cheng?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=czx114132
mybatis-config.xml
指定别名,也可以添加一些其他的mybatis基础配置
<configuration>
<typeAliases>
<typeAlias alias="Integer" type="java.lang.Integer" />
<typeAlias alias="Long" type="java.lang.Long" />
<typeAlias alias="HashMap" type="java.util.HashMap" />
<typeAlias alias="LinkedHashMap" type="java.util.LinkedHashMap" />
<typeAlias alias="ArrayList" type="java.util.ArrayList" />
<typeAlias alias="LinkedList" type="java.util.LinkedList" />
</typeAliases>
</configuration>
User映射文件
<mapper namespace="com.neo.mapper.UserMapper" >
<resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.neo.entity.UserEntity" >
<id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="BIGINT" />
<result column="userName" property="userName" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />
<result column="passWord" property="passWord" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />
<result column="user_sex" property="userSex" javaType="com.neo.enums.UserSexEnum"/>
<result column="nick_name" property="nickName" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />
</resultMap>
<sql id="Base_Column_List" >
id, userName, passWord, user_sex, nick_name
</sql>
<select id="getAll" resultMap="BaseResultMap" >
SELECT
<include refid="Base_Column_List" />
FROM users
</select>
<select id="getOne" parameterType="java.lang.Long" resultMap="BaseResultMap" >
SELECT
<include refid="Base_Column_List" />
FROM users
WHERE id = #{id}
</select>
<insert id="insert" parameterType="com.neo.entity.UserEntity" >
INSERT INTO
users
(userName,passWord,user_sex)
VALUES
(#{userName}, #{passWord}, #{userSex})
</insert>
<update id="update" parameterType="com.neo.entity.UserEntity" >
UPDATE
users
SET
<if test="userName != null">userName = #{userName},</if>
<if test="passWord != null">passWord = #{passWord},</if>
nick_name = #{nickName}
WHERE
id = #{id}
</update>
<delete id="delete" parameterType="java.lang.Long" >
DELETE FROM
users
WHERE
id =#{id}
</delete>
</mapper>
Dao层代码
public interface UserMapper {
List<UserEntity> getAll();
UserEntity getOne(Long id);
void insert(UserEntity user);
void update(UserEntity user);
void delete(Long id);
}
Controller层代码
@RestController
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserMapper userMapper;
@RequestMapping("/getUsers}")
public List<UserEntity> getUsers() {
List<UserEntity> users=userMapper.getAll();
return users;
}
@RequestMapping("/getUser")
public UserEntity getUser(Long id) {
UserEntity user=userMapper.getOne(id);
return user;
}
@RequestMapping("/add")
public void save(UserEntity user) {
userMapper.insert(user);
}
@RequestMapping(value="update")
public void update(UserEntity user) {
userMapper.update(user);
}
@RequestMapping(value="/delete/{id}")
public void delete(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
userMapper.delete(id);
}
}
单元测试代码:
Mapper测试
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class UserMapperTest {
@Autowired
private UserMapper UserMapper;
@Test
public void testInsert() throws Exception {
int size = UserMapper.getAll().size();
UserMapper.insert(new UserEntity("aa", "a123456", UserSexEnum.MAN));
UserMapper.insert(new UserEntity("bb", "b123456", UserSexEnum.WOMAN));
UserMapper.insert(new UserEntity("cc", "b123456", UserSexEnum.WOMAN));
Assert.assertEquals(size + 3, UserMapper.getAll().size());
}
@Test
public void testQuery() throws Exception {
List<UserEntity> users = UserMapper.getAll();
if (users == null || users.size() == 0) {
System.out.println("is null");
} else {
for (UserEntity user : users) {
System.out.println(user.toString());
}
}
}
@Test
public void testUpdate() throws Exception {
UserEntity user = UserMapper.getOne(31L);
System.out.println(user.toString());
user.setNickName("neo");
UserMapper.update(user);
Assert.assertTrue(("neo".equals(UserMapper.getOne(31L).getNickName())));
}
}
Controller测试
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class UserControllerTest {
@Autowired
private WebApplicationContext wac;
private MockMvc mockMvc;
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(wac).build(); //初始化MockMvc对象
}
@Test
public void getUsers() throws Exception {
mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/getUsers")
.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)).andDo(print());
}
}