Kotlin之let,apply,run,with等函数区别2
以前也总结过Kotlin的一些内置函数let,apply,run,with的区别——地址,后面又增加了also,takeIf,takeUnless等函数,所以这里重新总结下,然后介绍下使用场景。
前提介绍
Kotlin和Groovy等语言一样,支持闭包(block),如果函数中最后一个参数为闭包,那么最后一个参可以不写在括号中,而写在括号后面,如果只有一个参数,括号也可以去掉。
如下所示
fun toast() {
button.setOnClickListener({
Toast.makeText(context, "test", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
})
}
fun toast() {
button.setOnClickListener {
Toast.makeText(context, "test", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
}
}
后面介绍的几个函数都是这样的,这样就很容理解。
repeat
repeat函数是一个单独的函数,定义如下。
/**
* Executes the given function [action] specified number of [times].
*
* A zero-based index of current iteration is passed as a parameter to [action].
*/
@kotlin.internal.InlineOnly
public inline fun repeat(times: Int, action: (Int) -> Unit) {
contract { callsInPlace(action) }
for (index in 0..times - 1) {
action(index)
}
}
通过代码很容易理解,就是循环执行多少次block中内容。
如
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
repeat(3) {
println("Hello world")
}
}
运行结果
Hello world
Hello world
Hello world
with
with函数也是一个单独的函数,并不是Kotlin中的extension,指定的T作为闭包的receiver,使用参数中闭包的返回结果
/**
* Calls the specified function [block] with the given [receiver] as its receiver and returns its result.
*/
@kotlin.internal.InlineOnly
public inline fun <T, R> with(receiver: T, block: T.() -> R): R {
contract {
callsInPlace(block, InvocationKind.EXACTLY_ONCE)
}
return receiver.block()
}
代码示例:
fun testWith() {
// fun <T, R> with(receiver: T, f: T.() -> R): R = receiver.f()
with(ArrayList<String>()) {
add("testWith")
add("testWith")
add("testWith")
println("this = " + this)
}.let { println(it) }
}
// 运行结果
// this = [testWith, testWith, testWith]
// kotlin.Unit
class文件
public static final void testWith()
{
Object localObject = new ArrayList();
ArrayList localArrayList1 = (ArrayList)localObject;
int $i$a$1$with;
ArrayList $receiver;
$receiver.add("testWith");
$receiver.add("testWith");
$receiver.add("testWith");
String str = "this = " + $receiver;
System.out.println(str);
localObject = Unit.INSTANCE;
Unit it = (Unit)localObject;
int $i$a$2$let;
System.out.println(it);
}
let
首先let()的定义是这样的,默认当前这个对象作为闭包的it参数,返回值是函数里面最后一行,或者指定return
fun <T, R> T.let(f: (T) -> R): R = f(this)
简单示例:
fun testLet(): Int {
// fun <T, R> T.let(f: (T) -> R): R { f(this)}
"testLet".let {
println(it)
println(it)
println(it)
return 1
}
}
//运行结果
//testLet
//testLet
//testLet
可以看看最后生成的class文件,代码已经经过格式化了,编译器只是在我们原先的变量后面添加了let里面的内容。
public static final int testLet() {
String str1 = "testLet";
String it = (String)str1;
int $i$a$1$let;
System.out.println(it);
System.out.println(it);
System.out.println(it);
return 1;
}
来个复杂一定的例子
fun testLet(): Int {
// fun <T, R> T.let(f: (T) -> R): R { f(this)}
"testLet".let {
if (Random().nextBoolean()) {
println(it)
return 1
} else {
println(it)
return 2
}
}
}
编译过后的class文件
public static final int testLet() {
String str1 = "testLet";
String it = (String)str1;
int $i$a$1$let;
if (new Random().nextBoolean())
{
System.out.println(it);
return 1;
}
System.out.println(it);
return 2;
}
apply
apply函数是这样的,调用某对象的apply函数,在函数范围内,可以任意调用该对象的任意方法,并返回该对象
/**
* Calls the specified function [block] with `this` value as its receiver and returns `this` value.
*/
@kotlin.internal.InlineOnly
public inline fun <T> T.apply(block: T.() -> Unit): T {
contract {
callsInPlace(block, InvocationKind.EXACTLY_ONCE)
}
block()
return this
}
代码示例
fun testApply() {
// fun <T> T.apply(f: T.() -> Unit): T { f(); return this }
ArrayList<String>().apply {
add("testApply")
add("testApply")
add("testApply")
println("this = " + this)
}.let { println(it) }
}
// 运行结果
// this = [testApply, testApply, testApply]
// [testApply, testApply, testApply]
编译过后的class文件
public static final void testApply()
{
ArrayList localArrayList1 = new ArrayList();
ArrayList localArrayList2 = (ArrayList)localArrayList1;
int $i$a$1$apply;
ArrayList $receiver;
$receiver.add("testApply");
$receiver.add("testApply");
$receiver.add("testApply");
String str = "this = " + $receiver;
System.out.println(str);
localArrayList1 = localArrayList1;
ArrayList it = (ArrayList)localArrayList1;
int $i$a$2$let;
System.out.println(it);
}
run
run函数和apply函数很像,只不过run函数是使用最后一行的返回,apply返回当前自己的对象。
/**
* Calls the specified function [block] with `this` value as its receiver and returns its result.
*/
@kotlin.internal.InlineOnly
public inline fun <T, R> T.run(block: T.() -> R): R {
contract {
callsInPlace(block, InvocationKind.EXACTLY_ONCE)
}
return block()
}
fun <T, R> T.run(f: T.() -> R): R = f()
代码示例
fun testRun() {
// fun <T, R> T.run(f: T.() -> R): R = f()
"testRun".run {
println("this = " + this)
}.let { println(it) }
}
// 运行结果
// this = testRun
// kotlin.Unit
class文件
public static final void testRun()
{
Object localObject = "testRun";
String str1 = (String)localObject;
int $i$a$1$run;
String $receiver;
String str2 = "this = " + $receiver;
System.out.println(str2);
localObject = Unit.INSTANCE;
Unit it = (Unit)localObject;
int $i$a$2$let;
System.out.println(it);
}
另一个Run
还有个run函数,不是extension,它的定义如下,执行block,返回block的返回
/**
* Calls the specified function [block] and returns its result.
*/
@kotlin.internal.InlineOnly
public inline fun <R> run(block: () -> R): R {
contract {
callsInPlace(block, InvocationKind.EXACTLY_ONCE)
}
return block()
}
示例
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val date = run {
Date()
}
println("date = $date")
}
// 运行结果
// date = Thu Jan 04 19:31:09 CST 2018
also
执行block,返回this,
/**
* Calls the specified function [block] with `this` value as its argument and returns `this` value.
*/
@kotlin.internal.InlineOnly
@SinceKotlin("1.1")
public inline fun <T> T.also(block: (T) -> Unit): T {
contract {
callsInPlace(block, InvocationKind.EXACTLY_ONCE)
}
block(this)
return this
}
示例:
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val also = Date().also {
println("in also time = " + it.time)
}
println("also = $also")
}
运行结果
in also time = 1515065830740
also = Thu Jan 04 19:37:10 CST 2018
takeIf
满足block中条件,则返回当前值,否则返回null,block的返回值Boolean类型
/**
* Returns `this` value if it satisfies the given [predicate] or `null`, if it doesn't.
*/
@kotlin.internal.InlineOnly
@SinceKotlin("1.1")
public inline fun <T> T.takeIf(predicate: (T) -> Boolean): T? {
contract {
callsInPlace(predicate, InvocationKind.EXACTLY_ONCE)
}
return if (predicate(this)) this else null
}
示例
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val date = Date().takeIf {
// 是否在2018年元旦后
it.after(Date(2018 - 1900, 0, 1))
}
println("date = $date")
}
// 运行结果
// date = Thu Jan 04 19:42:09 CST 2018
takeUnless
和takeIf相反,如不满足block中的条件,则返回当前对象,否则为null
/**
* Returns `this` value if it _does not_ satisfy the given [predicate] or `null`, if it does.
*/
@kotlin.internal.InlineOnly
@SinceKotlin("1.1")
public inline fun <T> T.takeUnless(predicate: (T) -> Boolean): T? {
contract {
callsInPlace(predicate, InvocationKind.EXACTLY_ONCE)
}
return if (!predicate(this)) this else null
}
示例
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val date = Date().takeUnless {
// 是否在2018年元旦后
it.after(Date(2018 - 1900, 0, 1))
}
println("date = $date")
}
// 运行结果
// date = null
总结
怎么样,是不是看晕了,没关系,我们来总结下。
函数名 | 定义 | block参数 | 闭包返回返回值 | 函数返回值 | extension | 其他 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
repeat | fun repeat(times: Int, action: (Int) -> Unit) | 无 | Unit | Unit | 否 | 普通函数 |
with | fun <T, R> with(receiver: T, f: T.() -> R): R = receiver.f() | 无,可以使用this | Any | 闭包返回 | 否 | 普通函数 |
run | <R> run(block: () -> R): R | 无 | Any | 闭包返回 | 否 | 普通函数 |
let | fun <T, R> T.let(f: (T) -> R): R | it | Any | 闭包返回 | 是 | |
apply | fun <T> T.apply(f: T.() -> Unit): T | 无,可以使用this | Unit | this | 是 | |
run | fun <T, R> T.run(f: T.() -> R): R | 无,可以使用this | Any | 闭包返回 | 是 | |
also | fun <T> T.also(block: (T) -> Unit): T | it | Unit | this | 是 | |
takeIF | fun <T> T.takeIf(predicate: (T) -> Boolean): T? | it | Boolean | this 或 null | 是 | 闭包返回类型必须是Boolean |
takeUnless | fun <T> T.takeUnless(predicate: (T) -> Boolean): T? | it | Boolean | this 或 null | 是 | 闭包返回类型必须是Boolean |
示例
上面就是本人所理解的,最后再给个整体示例。
定义一个结构体
class User {
var id: Int = 0
var name: String? = null
var hobbies: List<String>? = null
override fun toString(): String {
return "User(id=$id, name=$name, hobbies=$hobbies)"
}
}
普通的赋值语句这样就可以了
var user = User()
user.id = 1
user.name = "test1"
user.hobbies = listOf("aa", "bb", "cc")
println("user = $user")
如果使用let,apply,run,with可以这样,let和also是需要it的,其他的默认使用this。
user.let {
it.id = 2
it.name = "test2"
it.hobbies = listOf("aa", "bb", "cc")
}
println("user = $user")
user.also {
it.id = 3
it.name = "test3"
it.hobbies = listOf("aa", "bb", "cc")
}
println("user = $user")
user.apply {
id = 2
name = "test2"
hobbies = listOf("aa", "bb", "cc")
Date()
}
println("user = $user")
user.run {
id = 3
name = "test3"
hobbies = listOf("aa", "bb", "cc")
Date()
}
println("user = $user")
with(user) {
id = 4
name = "test4"
hobbies = listOf("aa", "bb", "cc")
Date()
}
println("user = $user")
再举一个例子,一个http的response结构体。
class Resp<T> {
var code: Int = 0
var body: T? = null
var errorMessage: String? = null
fun isSuccess(): Boolean = code == 200
override fun toString(): String {
return "Resp(code=$code, body=$body, errorMessage=$errorMessage)"
}
}
在处理网络数据的时候,需要各种判断,比如。
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
var resp: Resp<String>? = Resp()
if (resp != null) {
if (resp.isSuccess()) {
// do success
println(resp.body)
} else {
// do fail
println(resp.errorMessage)
}
}
}
当然也可以用apply,let,run等函数。
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
var resp: Resp<String>? = Resp()
// if (resp != null) {
// if (resp.isSuccess()) {
// // do success
// println(resp.body)
// } else {
// println(resp.errorMessage)
// }
// }
resp?.run {
if (isSuccess()) {
// do success
println(resp.body)
} else {
println(resp.errorMessage)
}
}
resp?.apply {
if (isSuccess()) {
// do success
println(resp.body)
} else {
println(resp.errorMessage)
}
}
resp?.let {
if (it.isSuccess()) {
// do success
println(it.body)
} else {
println(it.errorMessage)
}
}
resp?.also {
if (it.isSuccess()) {
// do success
println(it.body)
} else {
println(it.errorMessage)
}
}
}