1.简单使用
# from selenium import webdriver
# driver_path = r"D:\Python\chromedriver\chromedriver.exe" #chormedriver的绝对路径
# driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=driver_path)
# driver.get("http://www.baidu.com")
#driver.close() #退出页面
#driver.quit() #退出浏览器
2.定位元素的获取,以百度页面为例
#定位元素的获取,以百度页面为例
#1.通过id获取
# input = driver.find_element_by_id("kw")
#2.通过name获取
# input = driver.find_element_by_name("wd")
#3.通过类名查找
# input = driver.find_element_by_class_name("s_ipt")
#4.通过xpath语法查找
# input = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@id='kw']")
#5.通过CSS选择器获取
# input = driver.find_element_by_css_selector('.quickdelete-wrap > input')
#6.通过标签名
# input = driver.find_elements_by_tag_name()
#填充定位元素
# input.send_keys('python')
3.selenium操控页面常见元素
#常见表单元素 input type='text\password\number' 文本框元素
#button、 input(type='submit') 按钮
#checkbox input='checkbox' #例如是否记住密码的方框
#select 下拉列表
#操作输入框
# from selenium import webdriver
# import time
# driver_path = r"D:\Python\chromedriver\chromedriver.exe"
# driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=driver_path)
# driver.get("http://www.baidu.com")
# input = driver.find_element_by_id("kw")
# input.send_keys('python')
# time.sleep(2)
# #清除文本框
# input.clear()
#操作checkbox
# from selenium import webdriver
# import time
#
# driver_path = r"D:\Python\chromedriver\chromedriver.exe"
# driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=driver_path)
# driver.get("https://douban.com/")
# driver.switch_to.frame(driver.find_elements_by_tag_name('iframe')[0]) #切换到子框架
# rememberBtn = driver.find_element_by_name("remember")
# rememberBtn.click()
#操作select标签，即下拉选择列表
# from selenium import webdriver
# from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select
# driver_path = r"D:\Python\chromedriver\chromedriver.exe"
# driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=driver_path)
# driver.get("https://dobai.cn/")
#选中select标签
# selectBtn = Select(driver.find_element_by_name('jumpMenu'))
#通过索引选择序列为1的页面
# selectBtn.select_by_index(1)
#通过值选择
# selectBtn.select_by_value('http://www.95yueba.com')
#通过可视化文本选择
# selectBtn.select_by_visible_text('95秀客户端')
#取消选中所有选项
# selectBtn.deselect_all()
#操作submit
# from selenium import webdriver
# from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select
#
# driver_path = r"D:\Python\chromedriver\chromedriver.exe"
# driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=driver_path)
# driver.get("http://www.baidu.com")
#
# inputbar = driver.find_element_by_id('kw')
# inputbar.send_keys('python')
#获取submit标签并操作
# submitbar = driver.find_element_by_id('su')
# submitbar.click()
4.行为链
在页面中的操作有很多步，可以通过鼠标行为链类ActionChains来完成
# 行为链
# from selenium import webdriver
# from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
#
# driver_path = r"D:\Python\chromedriver\chromedriver.exe"
# driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=driver_path)
# driver.get("http://www.baidu.com")
# 分别获取输入和submit标签
# inputtag = driver.find_element_by_id('kw')
# submittag = driver.find_element_by_id('su')
#
# actions = ActionChains(driver)
# actions.move_to_element(inputtag) #鼠标移动到输入框
# actions.send_keys('python') #填充内容
# actions.move_to_element(submittag) #移动到submit，准备提交表单
# actions.click(submittag) #提交表单
# actions.perform() #使行为按顺序执行
5.selenium操作cookie
#selenium操作cookie
from selenium import webdriver
driver_path = r"D:\Python\chromedriver\chromedriver.exe"
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=driver_path)
driver.get("http://www.baidu.com")
#获取cookie
for cookie in driver.get_cookies():
print(cookie)
#根据cookie的key获取value
print(driver.get_cookie("PSTM"))
#删除某个cookie
driver.delete_cookie("PSTM")
print(driver.get_cookie("PSTM"))
#删除所有cookie
driver.delete_all_cookies()
6.selenium的隐式等待和显示等待
#selenium的隐式等待和显示等待
# from selenium import webdriver
# from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
# from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as ES
# from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
# driver_path = r"D:\Python\chromedriver\chromedriver.exe"
# driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=driver_path)
# driver.get("https://douban.com/")
#切换到子框架
# driver.switch_to.frame(driver.find_elements_by_tag_name('iframe')[0])
#要先点击用账号密码登录的按钮，不然会找不到输入账号和密码的地方
# bottom1 = driver.find_element_by_xpath('/html/body/div[1]/div[1]/ul[1]/li[2]')
# bottom1.click()
# 隐式等待20s
# driver.implicitly_wait(20)
# driver.find_element_by_id("123456")
# 显式等待
# element=WebDriverWait(driver,10).until(
# ES.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,"username")) #必须传入元组
# )
# print(element)
7.selenium打开和切换多个页面
#selenium打开多个页面
from selenium import webdriver
driver_path = r"D:\Python\chromedriver\chromedriver.exe"
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=driver_path)
driver.get("http://www.baidu.com")
#打开一个新页面
driver.execute_script("window.open('https://www.douban.com/')")
#注意旧版本river.switch_to_window要用river.switch_to.window代替
driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[1]) #driver.window_handles[]是一个列表，里面装着窗口句柄
print(driver.current_url) #获取当前页面url
print(driver.page_source) #获取网页源代码
8.selenium使用代理
#selenium使用代理
from selenium import webdriver
import time
driver_path = r"D:\Python\chromedriver\chromedriver.exe"
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument("--proxy-server=http://175.42.68.11:9999")
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=driver_path,options=options) #新版本改动chorme_options改为options
driver.get('http://httpbin.org/ip')
print(driver.page_source)
time.sleep(10)
driver.quit()
9.tesseract-OCR识别
安装方法：请自行百度
安装包：由于墙的原因，我下载不太顺利，所以安装包送上，需要自取
链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/18RGUURHRMTlcpZS-NJlB0w 提取码: dfsf
import pytesseract
from PIL import Image
#找到tesseract.exe
pytesseract.pytesseract.tesseract_cmd = r"D:\Python\tesseract\tesseract.exe"
#找到Image路径并打开
image = Image.open(r"D:\Python\tesseract_demo\a.png")
#读取文字,默认为英文，可指定语言,前提需将训练数据导入tesseract的tessdata文件夹中
text = pytesseract.image_to_string(image,"chi_sim")
print(text)
彩蛋
自动化爬取湖工大教务系统成绩查询页面（验证码需手动输入）
from selenium import webdriver
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select
from pyecharts.charts import Bar,Page
from pyecharts import options as opts
import time
driver = ''
studies = []
def get_page():
global driver
driver_path = r"D:\Python\chromedriver\chromedriver.exe"
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=driver_path)
url = 'http://run.hbut.edu.cn/Account/LogOn'
driver.get(url)
username = driver.find_element_by_id("UserName")
#在引号中输入你的学号
username.send_keys("")
password = driver.find_element_by_id("Password")
#在引号中输入你的密码
password.send_keys("")
#睡5秒，此时请在打开的页面输入验证码
time.sleep(5)
denglu = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div[@class='b f']")
denglu.click()
time.sleep(1)
# driver.get('http://run.hbut.edu.cn/StuGrade/Index?SemesterName=20191&SemesterNameStr=2019%E5%AD%A6%E5%B9%B4%20%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%AD%A6%E6%9C%9F')
#访问成绩查询页面
driver.get(
'http://run.hbut.edu.cn/StuGrade/Index')
# html = driver.page_source
# page_parse(html)
#控制select部件，下拉选择不同页面并抓取页面HTML，并传入解析页面函数
for x in range(1,4):
selectbtn = Select(driver.find_element_by_name("SemesterName"))
#睡5秒，防止操作太快被识别为爬虫
time.sleep(5)
selectbtn.select_by_index(x)
html = driver.page_source
page_parse(html)
# print(driver.current_url)
time.sleep(5)
driver.quit()
def page_parse(html):
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
#提取所有tr标签并过滤表头
trs = soup.find_all('tr')[1:]
study = []
for tr in trs:
#提取tr标签下的文字，并过滤课程编号
texts = list(tr.stripped_strings)[1:6]
#过滤课程类型，将其他数据写入字典
del texts[1]
grade = {
'name': texts[0],
'jidian': texts[1],
'content-score': texts[2],
'score': texts[3]
}
#将当前学年所有科目成绩以字典形式存入列表
study.append(grade)
#将存有每个学年所有科目的成绩的字典的列表作为元素存入列表
studies.append(study)
if __name__ == '__main__':
get_page()
content_all = []
score_all = []
pscores_all = []
for study in studies:
scores = 0
myscores = 0
for x in study:
#计算每个学年的各个科目总学分
a = float(x['content-score'])
scores = scores + a
#计算每个学年期末考试各科绩点*学分的总和
b = float(x['jidian']) * float(x['content-score'])
myscores = myscores + b
#计算学年平均绩点
pscores = myscores / scores
#将平均绩点存入列表中
pscores_all.append(pscores)
#提取每个学年的科目名称并转化为列表，并存入列表中
content_classes = list(map(lambda x: x["name"], study))
content_all.append(content_classes)
#提取课程期末成绩，并存入列表
score_classes= list(map(lambda x: x["score"], study))
score_all.append(score_classes)
#进行简单数据可视化
bar0 = (Bar()
.add_xaxis(content_all[0])
.add_yaxis('', score_all[0])
.set_global_opts(xaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(name='课程'))
.set_global_opts(yaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(name='成绩'))
.set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title='2019第一学年',subtitle='绩点:%f' %pscores_all[0],
pos_left='center',
pos_top='5%' ))
)
bar1 = (Bar()
.add_xaxis(content_all[1])
.add_yaxis('', score_all[1])
.set_global_opts(xaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(name='课程'))
.set_global_opts(yaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(name='成绩'))
.set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title='2018第二学年', subtitle='绩点:%f' % pscores_all[1],
pos_left='center',
pos_top='5%'))
)
bar2 = (Bar()
.add_xaxis(content_all[2])
.add_yaxis('', score_all[2])
.set_global_opts(xaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(name='课程'))
.set_global_opts(yaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(name='成绩'))
.set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title='2018第一学年', subtitle='绩点:%f' % pscores_all[2],
pos_left='center',
pos_top='5%'))
)
page = Page()
page.add(bar0,bar1,bar2)
#路径根据自己电脑更改
page.render('E:/桌面/成绩.html')
