1、分组函数
#二、分组函数
/*
功能:用作统计使用,又称为聚合函数或统计函数或组函数
分类:
sum 求和、avg 平均值、max 最大值 、min 最小值 、count 计算个数
特点:
1、sum、avg一般用于处理数值型
max、min、count可以处理任何类型
2、以上分组函数都忽略null值
3、可以和distinct搭配实现去重的运算
4、count函数的单独介绍
一般使用count(*)用作统计行数
5、和分组函数一同查询的字段要求是group by后的字段
分组函数与单行函数的区别,分组函数最后只有一个值,单行查询出来会有多个值
*/
#1、简单 的使用
SELECT SUM(salary) FROM employees;
SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees;
SELECT MIN(salary) FROM employees;
SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employees;
SELECT COUNT(salary) FROM employees;
SELECT SUM(salary) 和,AVG(salary) 平均,MAX(salary) 最高,MIN(salary) 最低,COUNT(salary) 个数
FROM employees;
SELECT SUM(salary) 和,ROUND(AVG(salary),2) 平均,MAX(salary) 最高,MIN(salary) 最低,COUNT(salary) 个数
FROM employees;
#2、参数支持哪些类型
# 没意义,sum、avg一般用于处理数值型
SELECT SUM(last_name) ,AVG(last_name) FROM employees;
SELECT SUM(hiredate) ,AVG(hiredate) FROM employees;
#max、min、count可以处理任何类型,有意义
SELECT MAX(last_name),MIN(last_name) FROM employees;
SELECT MAX(hiredate),MIN(hiredate) FROM employees;
SELECT COUNT(commission_pct) FROM employees;
SELECT COUNT(last_name) FROM employees;
#3、是否忽略null
# 都忽略
SELECT SUM(commission_pct) ,AVG(commission_pct),SUM(commission_pct)/35,SUM(commission_pct)/107 FROM employees;
SELECT MAX(commission_pct) ,MIN(commission_pct) FROM employees;
SELECT COUNT(commission_pct) FROM employees;
SELECT commission_pct FROM employees;
#4、和distinct搭配
SELECT SUM(DISTINCT salary),SUM(salary) FROM employees;
SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT salary),COUNT(salary) FROM employees;
#5、count函数的详细介绍
SELECT COUNT(salary) FROM employees;
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employees;
SELECT COUNT(1) FROM employees;
效率:
MYISAM存储引擎下 ,COUNT(*)的效率高
INNODB存储引擎下,COUNT(*)和COUNT(1)的效率差不多,比COUNT(字段)要高一些
#6、和分组函数一同查询的字段有限制
SELECT AVG(salary),employee_id FROM employees;
#7、分组函数案例讲解
#1.查询公司员工工资的最大值,最小值,平均值,总和
SELECT MAX(salary) 最大值,MIN(salary) 最小值,AVG(salary) 平均值,SUM(salary) 和
FROM employees;
#2.查询员工表中的最大入职时间和最小入职时间的相差天数 (DIFFRENCE)
SELECT MAX(hiredate) 最大,MIN(hiredate) 最小,(MAX(hiredate)-MIN(hiredate))/1000/3600/24 DIFFRENCE
FROM employees;
SELECT DATEDIFF(MAX(hiredate),MIN(hiredate)) DIFFRENCE
FROM employees;
SELECT DATEDIFF('1995-2-7','1995-2-6');
#3.查询部门编号为90的员工个数
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employees WHERE department_id = 90;
2、分组查询
#进阶5:分组查询
/*
语法:
select 查询列表
from 表
【where 筛选条件】
group by 分组的字段
【order by 排序的字段】;
特点:
1、和分组函数一同查询的字段必须是group by后出现的字段
2、筛选分为两类:分组前筛选和分组后筛选
针对的表 位置 连接的关键字
分组前筛选 原始表 group by前 where
分组后筛选 group by后的结果集 group by后 having
问题1:分组函数做筛选能不能放在where后面
答:不能
问题2:where——group by——having
一般来讲,能用分组前筛选的,尽量使用分组前筛选,提高效率
3、分组可以按单个字段也可以按多个字段
4、可以搭配着排序使用
*/
#引入:查询每个部门的员工个数
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employees WHERE department_id=90;
#1.简单的分组
#案例1:查询每个工种的员工平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary),job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id;
#案例2:查询每个位置的部门个数
SELECT COUNT(*),location_id
FROM departments
GROUP BY location_id;
#2、可以实现分组前的筛选
#案例1:查询邮箱中包含a字符的 每个部门的最高工资
SELECT MAX(salary),department_id
FROM employees
WHERE email LIKE '%a%'
GROUP BY department_id;
#案例2:查询有奖金的每个领导手下员工的平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary),manager_id
FROM employees
WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY manager_id;
#3、分组后筛选
#案例:查询哪个部门的员工个数>5
#①查询每个部门的员工个数
SELECT COUNT(*),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;
#② 筛选刚才①结果
SELECT COUNT(*),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING COUNT(*)>5;
#案例2:每个工种有奖金的员工的最高工资>12000的工种编号和最高工资
SELECT job_id,MAX(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY job_id
HAVING MAX(salary)>12000;
#案例3:领导编号>102的每个领导手下的最低工资大于5000的领导编号和最低工资
manager_id>102
SELECT manager_id,MIN(salary)
FROM employees
GROUP BY manager_id
HAVING MIN(salary)>5000;
#4.添加排序
#案例:每个工种有奖金的员工的最高工资>6000的工种编号和最高工资,按最高工资升序
SELECT job_id,MAX(salary) m
FROM employees
WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY job_id
HAVING m>6000
ORDER BY m ;
#5.按多个字段分组
#案例:查询每个工种每个部门的最低工资,并按最低工资降序
SELECT MIN(salary),job_id,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id,job_id
ORDER BY MIN(salary) DESC;
3、分组查询案例
# 分组查询案例
#1.查询各job_id的员工工资的最大值,最小值,平均值,总和,并按job_id升序
SELECT MAX(salary),MIN(salary),AVG(salary),SUM(salary),job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id
ORDER BY job_id;
#2.查询员工最高工资和最低工资的差距(DIFFERENCE)
SELECT MAX(salary)-MIN(salary) DIFFRENCE
FROM employees;
#3.查询各个管理者手下员工的最低工资,其中最低工资不能低于6000,没有管理者的员工不计算在内
SELECT MIN(salary),manager_id
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY manager_id
HAVING MIN(salary)>=6000;
#4.查询所有部门的编号,员工数量和工资平均值,并按平均工资降序
SELECT department_id,COUNT(*),AVG(salary) a
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
ORDER BY a DESC;
#5.选择具有各个job_id的员工人数
SELECT COUNT(*) 个数,job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id;