低功耗蓝牙就是我们常说是的蓝牙4.0 ,蓝牙之间的通讯每次只能传20个字节。
1.判断蓝牙是否打开
/**
* 判断蓝牙是否打开
*/
private fun isOpenBluetooth(): Boolean {
val manager = activity.getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE) as BluetoothManager
if (manager.adapter == null) return false
val adapter = manager.adapter
return adapter.isEnabled
}
没有打开需要去请求打开蓝牙,这里会区分android12系统以上和以下,打开有所区别
/**
* 打开蓝牙
*/
fun openBlueTooth() {
//是Android12
if (isAndroid12()) {
//检查是否有BLUETOOTH_CONNECT权限
if (hasPermission(Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT)) {
//打开蓝牙
openPhoneBluetooth()
} else {
//请求权限
requestBluetoothConnect.launch(Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT)
}
return
}
//不是Android12 直接打开蓝牙
openPhoneBluetooth()
}
fun openPhoneBluetooth(){
val intent = Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE)
activity.startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT)
}
2.扫描蓝牙
扫描之前需要一些权限,Android也是会区分12以上和以下,不同的手机还有不同要求,比如华为手机12以上也要定位权限。有的手机没有适配,所以建议如下处理(权限多要一点)
private void requestPermission() {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.S) {
// Android 版本大于等于 Android12 时
// 只包括蓝牙这部分的权限,其余的需要什么权限自己添加
mPermissionList.add(Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN);
mPermissionList.add(Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADVERTISE);
mPermissionList.add(Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT);
// 目前知道hw手机需要
mPermissionList.add(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION);
mPermissionList.add(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
} else {
// Android 版本小于 Android12 及以下版本
mPermissionList.add(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION);
mPermissionList.add(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
}
if (mPermissionList.size() > 0) {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, mPermissionList.toArray(new String[0]), 1001);
}
}
开始扫描蓝牙
扫描结果在回调中返回
//获取系统蓝牙适配器
var mBluetoothAdapter: BluetoothAdapter? = null
//扫描者
private var scanner: BluetoothLeScanner? = null
mBluetoothAdapter = (activity.getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE) as BluetoothManager).adapter
scanner = mBluetoothAdapter?.bluetoothLeScanner
//扫描结果回调
private var scanCallback: ScanCallback? = object : ScanCallback() {
override fun onScanResult(callbackType: Int, result: ScanResult) {
addScanResult(result)
}
}
/**
* 开始蓝牙扫描
*/
@SuppressLint("MissingPermission")
fun startScan() {
if (!isScanning && scanner != null) {
LogUtil.d(" Thread = " + Thread.currentThread().name, "开始启动蓝牙扫描 ")
scanner!!.startScan(null, ScanSettings.Builder().setScanMode(SCAN_MODE_LOW_LATENCY).build(), scanCallback)
}
isScanning = true
}
/**
* 停止蓝牙扫描
*/
@SuppressLint("MissingPermission")
fun stopScan() {
if (isScanning && scanner!= null) {
scanner!!.stopScan(scanCallback)
}
isScanning = false
}
3.连接蓝牙
蓝牙连接需要在主线程中进行,三星手机非主线程中连接也可以成功,但是华为手机非主线就会出现连接失败问题.
status 状态:
- 0 (连接成功),
- 133(蓝牙不在范围内连接失败,连接超时,及时关掉BluetoothGatt,避免出现257错误,下次连接靠近到蓝牙返回内一般就可以连接成功)
- 257(这个错误码出现后,一般再就连不上,需要重新开始蓝牙扫描流程)
@SuppressLint("MissingPermission")
private fun connectBlueToothGatt(scanResult: ScanResult, device: BluetoothDevice) {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
// 1.连接蓝牙
bluetoothGatt = device.connectGatt(activity, false, object : BluetoothGattCallback() {
override fun onConnectionStateChange(gatt: BluetoothGatt, status: Int, newState: Int) {
if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED) {
mainHandler.post{
// 2.去发现服务
gatt!!.discoverServices()
}
} else{
// 连接失败的处理
}
}else{
if(status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_FAILURE){
// 257错误处理
}
gatt.close()
}
}
override fun onServicesDiscovered(gatt: BluetoothGatt, status: Int) {
super.onServicesDiscovered(gatt, status)
// 3.发现服务
if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
//获取DeviceInfoService
val mDeviceInfoService = gatt.getService(UUID.fromString(BLUE_TOOTH_GATT_SERVICE_UUID))
if (mDeviceInfoService == null) {
gatt.connect()
return
}
//获取一个主设备需要去读的特征(Characteristic),获取从设备发送过来的数据0000fff2-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
val readGattCharacteristic = mDeviceInfoService.getCharacteristic(UUID.fromString(READ_GATT_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID))
//注册特征(Characteristic)值改变的监听
val isEnableNotify = gatt.setCharacteristicNotification(readGattCharacteristic, true)
if (isEnableNotify) {
val descriptors = readGattCharacteristic.descriptors
for (descriptor in descriptors) {
descriptor.value = BluetoothGattDescriptor.ENABLE_NOTIFICATION_VALUE
val isWriteDescriptor = gatt.writeDescriptor(descriptor)
}
}
//获取一个特征(Characteristic),这是从设备定义好的,我通过这个Characteristic去写从设备感兴趣的值0000fff1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
val writeGattCharacteristic = mDeviceInfoService.getCharacteristic(UUID.fromString(WRITE_GATT_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID))
}
} else {
gatt.connect()
}
}
override fun onCharacteristicRead(gatt: BluetoothGatt, characteristic: BluetoothGattCharacteristic, status: Int) {
super.onCharacteristicRead(gatt, characteristic, status)
if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
// 读成功在这里回调
} else {
gatt.connect()
}
}
override fun onCharacteristicWrite(gatt: BluetoothGatt, characteristic: BluetoothGattCharacteristic, status: Int) {
super.onCharacteristicWrite(gatt, characteristic, status)
if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
// 写成功在这里回调
} else {
gatt.connect()
}
}
override fun onDescriptorRead(gatt: BluetoothGatt?, descriptor: BluetoothGattDescriptor?, status: Int) {
super.onDescriptorRead(gatt, descriptor, status)
// 特征值读成功,这里回调
}
override fun onDescriptorWrite(gatt: BluetoothGatt?, descriptor: BluetoothGattDescriptor?, status: Int) {
super.onDescriptorWrite(gatt, descriptor, status)
// 特征值写成功,这里回调
}
override fun onCharacteristicChanged(gatt: BluetoothGatt, characteristic: BluetoothGattCharacteristic) {
super.onCharacteristicChanged(gatt, characteristic)
// 蓝牙发送过来的数据
val uuid = characteristic.uuid
val receiveData = characteristic.valu
}
}, BluetoothDevice.TRANSPORT_LE)
} else {
// ....
}
}
向蓝牙发送数据
4.开发中碰的问题
- 30秒内蓝牙连续停止扫描5次,再次扫描就会扫描不到设备,这里系统进行了限制。源码
- 蓝牙通讯需要设备不忙时进行读写,在上面onCharacteristicWrite,onCharacteristicRead,onDescriptorWrite,onCharacteristicChanged这些回调后设备是不忙的状态。具体看源码,关注mDeviceBusy
- 华为手机无论是否android12以上系统都需要位置权限