• 目录
  Text　　Some Strategies for Learning English
  翻译
  语法
  课后习题及参考答案　　Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ, Ⅶ, Ⅷ, Ⅸ
  Reading Activity　　How to Improve Your Study Habits
  翻译
  课后习题及参考答案　　Exercise A, B, C
  Guided Writing　　Part Ⅰ, Ⅱ

• Text

As we are at the start of the course, this seems a good moment to offer some advice on how to make the task of learning English easier.

Some Strategies for Learning English

-
　　Learning English is by no means easy. It takes great diligence and prolonged effort.
　　Nevertheless, while you cannot expect to gain a good command of English without sustained hard work, there are various helpful learning strategies you can employ to make the task easier. Here are some of them.
　　1. Do not treat words in exactly the same way. Have you ever complained about your memory because you find it simply impossible to memorize all the new words you are learning? But, in fact, it is not your memory that is fault. If you head with too many words at a time, some of them are bound to be crowded out. What you need to do is to deal with new words in different ways according to how frequently they occur in every day use. While active words demand constant practice and useful words must be committed to memory, words that do not often occur in everyday situations require just a nodding acquaintance. You will find concentrating on active and useful words the most effective route to enlarging your vocabulary.
　　2. Watch out for idiomatic ways of saying things. Have you ever wondered why we say, “ I’m interested in English”, but “ I am good at French”? And have you ever asked yourself why native English speakers say, “learn the new or secret”, but “learn of someone’s success or arrival”? These are all examples of idiomatic usage. In learning English, you must pay attention not only to the meaning of a word, but also to the way native speakers use it in their daily lives.
　　3. Listen to English every day. Listening to English on a regular basis will not only improve your ear, but will also help you build your speaking skills. In addition to language tapes especially prepared for your course, you can also listen to English radio broadcasts, watch English TV, and see English movies. The first time you listen to a taped conversation or passage in English, you may not be able to catch a great deal. Try to get its general meaning first and listen to it over and over again. You will find that with each repetition you will get something more.
　　4. Seize opportunities to speak. It is true that there are few situations at school where you have to communicate in English, but you can seek out opportunities to practice speaking the language. Talking with your classmates, for example, can be an easy and enjoyable way to get some practice. Also try to find native speakers on your campus and feel free to talk with them. Perhaps the easiest way to practice speaking is to rehearse aloud, since this can be done at any time, in any place, and without a partner. For instance, you can look at pictures or objects around you and try to describe them in detail. You can also rehearse everyday situations. After you have made a purchase in a shop or finished a meal in a restaurant and paid the check, pretend that all this happened in an English-speaking county and try to act it out in English.
　　5. Read widely. It is important to read widely because in our learning environment, reading is the main and reliable source of language input. When you choose reading materials, look for things you find interesting, that you can understand without relying too much on dictionary. A page a day is a good way to start. As you go on, you will find that you can do more pages a day and handle materials at a higher level of difficulty.
　　6. Write regularly. Writing is a good way to practice what you already know. Apart from compositions assigned by your teacher, you may find your own reasons for writing. A pen pal provides good motivation; you will learn a lot by trying to communicate with someone who shares your interests, but comes from a different culture. Other ways to write regularly include keeping a diary, writing a short story and summarizing the daily news.
　　Language learning is a process of accumulation. It pays to absorb as much as you can from reading and listening and then try to put what you have learned into practice through speaking and writing.
[717 words]

• 翻译

课程开始之际，就如何使学习英语的任务更容易提出一些建议似乎正当其时。
-
　　学习英语绝非易事。它需要刻苦和长期努力。
　　虽然不经过持续的刻苦努力便不能期望精通英语，然而还是有各种有用的学习策略可以用来使这一任务变得容易一些。以下便是其中的几种。
　　1. 不要以完全同样的方式对待所有的生词。你可曾因为简直无法记住所学的所有单词而抱怨自己的记忆里太差？其实，责任并不在你的记忆力。如果你一下子把太多的生词塞进头脑，必定有一些生词会被挤出来。你需要做的是根据生词日常使用的频率以不同的方式对待它们。积极词汇需要经常练习，有用的词汇必须牢记，而在日常情况下不经常出现的词只需见到时认识即可。你会发现把注意力集中于积极有用的词上是扩大词汇量最有效的途径。
　　2. 密切注意地道的表达方式。你可曾纳闷多，为什么我们说“我对英语感兴趣”是“I'm interested in English”，而说“我精于法语”则是“I'm good at French”？你可曾问过自己，为什么以英语为母语的人说“获悉消息或秘密”是“learn the news or secret”，而“获悉某人的成功或到来”却是“learn of someone's success or arrival”？这些都是惯用法的例子。在学习英语时，你不仅必须注意词义，还必须注意以英语为木鱼的人在日常生活中如何使用它。
　　3. 每天听英语。经常听英语不仅会提高你的听力，而且有助你培养说的技能。除了专门为课程准备的语言磁带外(现在磁带这玩意儿应该很少了吧)，你还可以听英语广播，看英语电视和英语电影。第一次听录好音的英语对话或语段，你也许不能听懂很多。先试着听懂大意，然后再反复地听。你会发现每次重复都会听懂更多的东西。
　　4. 抓住机会说。的确，在学校里必须用英语进行交流的场合并不多，但你还是可以找到练习讲英语的机会。例如，跟你的同班同学进行交谈可能就是得到一些联系的一种轻松愉快的方式。还可以找校园里以英语为母语的人跟他们随意交谈。或许练习讲英语最容易的方式是高声朗读，因为这在任何时间，任何地方，不需要搭档就可以做到。例如，你可以看着图片或身边的物件，试着对它们详加描述。你还可以复述日常情景。在商店里购物或在餐厅里吃完饭付过账后，假装这一切都发生在一个讲英语的国家，试着用英语把它表演出来。
　　5. 广泛阅读。广泛阅读很重要，因为在我们的学习环境中，阅读是最重要、最可靠的语言输入来源。在选择阅读材料时，要找你认为有趣的、不需要过多依赖词典就能看懂的东西。开始时每天读一页是个好办法。接下去，你就会发现你每天可以读更多页，而且能对付难度更高的材料。
　　6. 经常写。写作是联系你已经学会的东西的好方法。除了老师布置的作业，你还可以找到自己要写的理由。有个笔友可以提供很好的动力；与某个跟你趣味相投但来自不同文化的人进行交流，你会学到很多东西。经常写作的其他方式还有记日记，写小故事或概述每天的新闻。
　　语言学习是一个积累的过程。从读和听中吸收经量多的东西，然后再试着把学到的东西通过说和写加以运用，定会大有收益。

• 语法

-
　　Have you ever complained about your memory because you find it simply impossible to memorize all the new words you are learning?
　　在这个一般疑问句中有一个because引导的原因状语从句: because you find it simply impossible to memorize all the new words you are learning, 其中 it 是 find + it + adj + to 结构的形式宾语, to memorize ... learning 是真正的宾语. 例如:
　　It is important to read widely because in our learning enviroment, reading is the main and most reliable source of language input.
　　you are learning 是省略了引导词 that 的定语从句, 修饰 new words; complained about sht. 是固定搭配, 意为"抱怨, 埋怨某事".
　　While active words demand constant practice and useful words must be committed to memory, words that do not often occur in everyday situations require just a nodding acquaintance.
　　本句中的 while 是转折连词(相当于 although), 引导了两个并列的转折关系从句: active words ... and useful words ... memory; words that ... acquaintance 是主句部分. 主句中 that do not often occur in everyday situations 是定语从句.
　　Listening to English on a regular basis will not only improve your ear, but will also help you build your speaking skills.
　　not only ... but also 句型表示"不仅...而且..."的意思, 注意前后两部分连接的句型结构, 单词词性要一致. 例如:
　　He reads English not only in the moring but also in the evening.
　　Not only America and Russia but also China can send people to the moon now.
　　After you have made a purchase in a shop or finished a meal in a restaurant and paid the check, pretend that all this happened in an English-speaking county and try to act it out in English.
　　本文中用了很多由 when / after / before 等引导的从句+命令句型. 例如:
　　When you choose reading materials, look for things that you find interesting, that you can understand without relying too much on a dictionary.
　　命令句中的逻辑主语和从句中的主语应该一致.
　　Other ways to write regularly include keeping a diary, writing a short story and summarizing the daily news.
　　include 后面要跟名词或动名词(+ing)形式. 例如:
　　The curriculum includes courses in computing.

• 课后习题及参考答案

Ⅲ. Vocabulary Activities

1.
_____1) by no means easy
_____2) great diligence and prolonged effort
_____3) how frequently they occur
_____4) demand constant practice
_____5) be committed to memory
_____6) enlarge your vocabulary
_____7) on a regular basis
_____8) seek out opportunities
_____9) make a purchase in a shop
_____10) It pays to absorb ...

a. happening very frequently
b. memorized
c. regularly
d. try to find
e. certainly not
f. brings a good result or advantage
g. careful and hard work
h. buy something
i. increase
j. often

keys: e g j a b i c d h f

2.
1) Young as she is, Mary is very good at _____ difficult customers.
2) After explaining his plan in great detail, Bob _____ its main points in a few sentences.
3) The newly-elected government has begun the painful _____ of working out its policies and strategies.
4) At first, Tom found it difficult to _____ what his teachers said in class.
5) You _____ fail the exam if you don’t do any revision(复习).
6) Please _____ to call on us whenever you like.
7) There are jobs more dangerous than truck driving, _____, training lions.
8) The marketing department is working on new _____ to improve the company’s share of the market.
9) Many of the students _____ that the exam was too hard.
10) After reading the text three times, the clever boy _____ it _____.
11) The doctor insisted that everything would be alright. _____, I cannot help feeling anxious about the safety of the child.
12) Nowadays we _____ more and more _____ computers to help us in doing everything.
13) _____ being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill.
14) After spending a year in Australia, the little girl has gained quite a good _____ of spoken English.

keys:
1) handing
2) summarized
3) process
4) absorb
5) are bound to
6) feel free
7) for instance
8) strategies
9) complained
10) has committed; to memory
11) Nevertheless
12) rely; on
13) Apart from
14) command

3.
Model:
The police said that the taxi driver was _____ —— he should have slowed down. (fault)
The police said that the taxi driver was at fault —— he should have slowed down.

1) I have warned you _____ to keep away from drugs. (over)
2) If you try to learn too many things _____ , you may get confused. (time)
3) We won’t know if the play will work until we _____ . (practice)
4) You can’t learn English well without _____ idiomatic ways of saying things. (watch)
5) Perter has tried may things with no particular success, but he is _____ an incapable person. (means)
6) Can you turn the music down, please? I can’t _____ my work. (concentrate)
7) _____ teaching at the university, Professor Wilson also works as a legal adviser(法律顾问) to a high-tech company. (addition)
8) If you come to my office, I’ll tell you the story _____. (detail)

keys:
1) over and over again
2) at a time
3) put into practice
4) watching out for
5) by no means
6) concentrate on
7) In addition to
8) in detail

Ⅳ. Enriching Your Word Power

1.

2.
1) add, addition, additional
a) The Us is sending _____ troops to cope with the increasing violence in the region.
b) If the tea is too strong, you can _____ some more water.
c) Most working environments are improved by the _____ of a few plants and pictures.
d) In _____ to his flat in London, he has a villa(别墅) in Italy and a castle in Scotland.

2) effect, effective, effectively
a) These tablets(药片) work more _____ if you take them before a meal.
b) I tried to persuade him to work hard, but with little _____ .
c) The new drug recommended(推荐) by my doctor is much more _____ in treating headaches.
d) Parents worry about the harmful _____ of TV violence on their children.

3) help(v.), help(n.), helpful, helpless, helpfully, helplessly
a) Sometimes it’s _____ to make a list of what you have to do.
b) If there’s anything I can do to _____, just give me a call.
c) I felt _____ and unable to give her the support she needed.
d) I’m sorry I haven’t been of much _____ to you.
e) Unable to swim, she could do nothing but watch _____ as the boy struggled desperately(拼命地) in the water.
f) The librarian(图书管理员) _____ told Mary where to find the books she wanted.
g) You’ll find this dictionary most _____ for learners of English.

4) rely, reliance, reliant, reliable, reliably
a) Old and sick, Mrs. Smith is completely _____ on her next-door neighbor to do all her shopping and cleaning.
b) Jenny is very _____ —— if she says she’ll do something she’ll do it.
c) Don’t place too much _____ on what he says. He’s not so _____ .
d) The success of this project(课题) _____ on everyone making an effort.
f) The new machine has now performed _____ for 2,000 hours.

5) repeat, repetition, repeated, repeatedly
a) Their performance improved with each _____ .
b) Would you mind _____ what you’ve just said?
c) The doctors have _____ warned him not to work so hard.
d) In spite of our _____ requests, he still hasn’t sent us his report.
e) His books are full of _____ and irrelevant(不想关的) information.

keys:
1) additional, add, addition, addition;
2) effectively, effect, effective, effect;
3) helpful, help, helpless, help, helplessly, helpfully, helpful;
4) reliant, reliable, reliance, reliable, relies, reliably;
5) repetition, repeating, repeatedly, repeated, repetition.

Ⅴ. Usage

1. __________ (在我看来), Mr. Parker was to blame for the accident because he was driving too fast.
2. __________ (据玛丽说), the new couple aren’t getting on very well at the moment.
3. __________ (据我们看来), the President should concentrate on international affairs at present.
4. __________ (根据今天的报纸), there have been more road accidents in the city recently.
5. __________ (多数医生认为), patients have a right to be told about their true condition.

keys:
1. In my opinion
2. According to Mary
3. In our opinion
4. According to today’s papers
5. In most doctors’ opinion 或 According to most doctors

Ⅵ. Structure(结构)

1.
Models:
In learning English, you must pay attention to the meaning of a word.
In learning English, you must pay attention to the way native speakers use a word in their daily lives.
In learning English, you must pay attention not only to the meaning of a word, but also to the way native speakers use it in their daily lives.
-
Listening to English on a regular basis will improve your ear.
Listening to English on a regular basis will help you build your speaking skills.
Listening to English on a regular basis will not only improve your ear, but will also help you build your speaking skills.
-
1) Shakespeare was a dramatist(剧作家).
Shakespeare was an actor.
_________________________________
2) Miss Crain took me home in her car.
Miss Crain came the next day to see if I had recovered.
_________________________________
3) Hainan Island attracts tourists in winter.
Hainan Island attracts tourists in summer.
_________________________________
4) There is always a black market in Britain.
There is always a black market in other European countries.
_________________________________
5) At the Athens Olympics in 2004, Liu Xiang Won a gold medal in the 110-meter hurdles(跨栏赛跑).
At the Athens Olympics in 2004, Liu Xiang broke the Olympic record in the 110-meter hurdles.
_________________________________

Keys:
1) Shakespeare was not only a dramatist but also an actor.
2) Miss Crain not only took me home in her car, but also came the next day to see if I had recovered.
3) Hainan Island attracts tourists not only in winter but also in summer.
4) There is always a black market not only in Britain, but also in other European countries.
5) At the Athens Olympics in 2004, Liu Xiang not only won a gold medal in the 110-meter hurdles, but also broke the Olympics record.

2.
Model:
Although there are few situations at school where you have to communicate in English, you can seek out opportunities to practice speaking the language.
It is true that there are few situations at school where you have to communicate in English, but you can seek out opportunities to practice speaking the language.
-
1) Although your sentences are all grammatically correct, they don’t make any sense.
_________________________________
2) Although they lost that battle, they still went on fighting.
_________________________________
3) Although Tom’s very clever and hardworking, I still don’t think he is the right person for the job.
_________________________________
4) Although learning English is by no means easy, we can make the task easier by using some learning strategies.
_________________________________

Keys:
1) It is true that your sentences are all grammatically correct, but they don’t make any sense.
2) It is true that they lost that battle, but they still went on fighting.
3) It is true that Tom’s very clever and hardworking, but I still don’t think he is the right person for the job.
4) It is true that learning English is by no means easy, but we can make the task easier by using some learning strategies.

Ⅶ. Cloze (完形填空)

1.
　　Learning s_____(1) help make the difficult task of studying English easier. For instance, it is beneficial to treat new words in different ways according to how f_____(2) they occur in everyday use: active words you must practice o_____(3); useful word you must c_____(4); words that seldom occur in everyday situations require just a nodding a_____(5). It also pays to w_____(6) idiomatic ways of saying things in English. As idiomatic usage often causes difficulties for Chinese students, you must pay close attention to the way native speakers c_____(7).
　　Language learning is, in fact, an active p_____(8). Students who make a conscious effort to practice English, who seek out o_____(9) to use what day have learned, are more successful than those who r_____(10) the teacher to do the whole job. Undoubtedly, it is all important to p_____(11) through speaking and writing what you have a_____(12) from reading and listening.

keys:
(1) strategies
(2) frequently
(3) over and over again
(4) commit to memory
(5) acquaintance
(6) watch our for
(7) communicate
(8) process
(9) opportunities
(10) rely on
(11) put into practice
(12) absorbed

2.
　　Many of you are studying English and you may be wondering why it is so difficult to learn. It is actually not that difficult to learn _____ (1) you know some basic facts _____ (2) the language and culture that _____ (3) reflects(反映) .
　　Perhaps the first thing you need to _____ (4) about English is that it is made _____ (5) of several other language such _____ (6) French, German, Latin, Greek and Anglo-Saxon. In _____ (7) , there are words from Spanish in English and many American Indian words and names; _____ (8) some Chinese and Japanese words have found their way _____ (9) the English language. This borrowing of words from _____ (10) languages is one of the key reasons _____ (11) some of the difficulties that people meet with _____ (12) they are learning English.

Keys:
(1) if
(2) about
(3) it
(4) know
(5) up
(6) as
(7) addition
(8) even
(9) into
(10) other
(11) for
(12) while

Ⅷ. Spot Dictation

-
　　When I began learning English, I thought I had to do was to _____ (S1) new words. It seemed to me that to express one’s ideas in English was just _____ (S2) putting words together according to the rules of grammar. When I was _____ (S3) to say “I see many books on the _____ (S4)” and “I am going to see the doctor”, I thought I had learned everything about the word see. I did not _____ (S5) until later that we do not say “see a book or newspaper” but “read a book or newspaper” when we mean “look at and understand something _____ (S6) or printed”. I became more interested in English and since then I have been trying to watch out for _____ (S7) ways of saying things. I have now learned to say “join a club” but “_____ (S8) a discussion”, “make a model plane” but “do one’s homework”. I have also learned the _____ (S9) between after and since, between hear and listen to. In a word, I have come to see that we have to pay close attention to English usage in order to _____ (S10) of the language.

Keys:
(S1) memorize
(S2) a matter of
(S3) taught
(S4) shelf
(S5) realize
(S6) written
(S7) idiomatic
(S8) join in
(S9) difference
(S10) gain a good command

Ⅸ. Translation

1. 史密斯太太对我抱怨说，她经常发现与自己十六岁的女儿简直无法沟通。
________________________________________________________
2. 我坚信，阅读简写的(simplified)英文小说是扩大我们词汇量的一种轻松愉快的方法。
________________________________________________________
3. 我认为我们在保护环境不受污染(pollution)方面还做得不够。
________________________________________________________
4. 除了每周写作文外，我们的英语老师还给我们不知了八本书在暑假里阅读。
________________________________________________________
5. 我们从可靠的消息来源获悉下学期一位以英语为母语的人将要教我们英语口语。
________________________________________________________
6. 经常看电影不仅会提高你的听力，而且还会帮助你培养说的技能。
________________________________________________________
7. 如果你们对这些学习策略有什么问题，请随便问我。我将更详细地进行讲解。
________________________________________________________
8. 那个加拿大女孩善于抓住每个机会讲汉语。这就是她为什么三年不到就熟练掌握了汉语口语的原因。
________________________________________________________

Keys:
1. Mrs. Smith complained to me that she often found it simply impossible to communicate with her 16-year-old daughter.
2. I firmly believe that reading simplified English novels is an easy and enjoyable way of enlarging our vocabulary.
3. I don’t think we’re doing enough to protect our environment from pollution.
4. In addition to / Apart from writing compositions on a weekly basis, our English teacher assigned us eight books to read during the summer vacation.
5. We’ve learned from reliable sources that a native English speaker is going to teach us spoken English next term/semester.
6. Seeing English movies on a regular basis will not only improve your ear, but will also help you build your speaking skills.
7. If you have any questions about these learning strategies, please feel free to ask me. And I’ll explain them in greater detail.
8. The Canadian girl is good at seizing every opportunity to speak Chinese. That’s why she has gained a good command of spoken Chinese in less than three years.

• Reading Activity

How to Improve Your Study Habits

-
　　Perhaps you are an average student with average intelligence. You do well enough in school, but you probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessarily the case, however. (1) You can receive better grades if you want to. Yes, even students of average intelligence can be top students without additional work. Here’s how:
　　1. Plan your time carefully. Make a list of your weekly tasks. Then make a schedule or chart of your time. Fill in committed time such as eating, sleeping, meetings, classes, etc. Then decide on good, regular times for studying. Be sure to set aside enough time to complete your normal reading and work assignments. (2) Of course, studying shouldn’t occupy all of the free time on the schedule. It’s important to set aside time for relaxation, hobbies, and entertainment as well. This weekly schedule may not solve all of your problems, but it will make you more aware of how you spend your time. Furthermore, it will enable you to plan your activities so that you have adequate time for both work and play.
　　2. Find a good place to study. Choose one place for your study area. It may be a desk or a chair at home or in the school library, but it should be comfortable, and it should not have distractions. When you begin to work, you should be able to concentrate on the subject.
　　3. Skim before you read. This means looking over a passage quickly before you begin to read it more carefully. As you preview the material, you get some idea of the content and how it is organized. Later when you begin to read you will recognize less important material and you may skip some of these portions. (3) Skimming helps double your reading speed and improves your comprehension as well.
　　4. Make good use of your time in class. Listening to what the teacher says in class means less work later. Sit where you can see hand hear well. Take notes to help you remember what the teacher says.
　　5. Study regularly. Go over your notes as soon as you can after class. Review important points mentioned in class as well as points you remain confused about. Read about these points in your textbook. If you know what the teacher will discuss the next day, skim and read that material too. This will help you understand the next class. (4) If you review your notes and textbook regularly, the material will become more meaningful and you will remember it longer. Regular review leads to improved performance on tests.
　　6. Develop a good attitude about tests. The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. The world won’t end if you don’t pass a test, so don’t worry excessively about a single test. Tests provide grades, but they also let you know what you need to spend more time studying, and they help make you new knowledge permanent.
　　There are other techniques that might help you with your studying. Only a few have been mentioned here. You will probably discover many others after you have tried these. Talk with your classmates about their study techniques. Share with them some of the techniques you have found to be helpful. (5) Improving your study habits will improve your grades.

• 翻译

-
　　你也许是个智力一般的普通学生。你在学校的学习成绩还不错，可你也许会觉得自己永远也成不了优等生。然而实际情况未必如此。你要是想取得更好的分数，也还是能做到的。是的，即使中等智力水平的学生，在不增加学习负担的情况下，也能成为优等生。其诀窍如下：
　　1. 仔细安排你的时间。把你每周要完成的任务一一列出来，然后制定一张时间表或时间分配图。先把用于吃饭、睡觉、开会、听课这样一些非花不可的时间填上，然后再选定合适的固定时间用于学习。一定要留出足够的时间来玩完成正常的阅读和课外作业。当然，学习不应把作息表上的空余时间全都占去，还的给休息、业余爱好和娱乐活动留出一定的时间，这一点很重要。这张周作息表也许解决不了你所有的问题，但是它会使你比较清楚地了解你是怎样使用你的时间的。此外，它还能让你安排好各种活动，既有足够的时间工作，也有足够的时间娱乐。
　　2. 寻找一个合适的地方学习。选定某个地方作为你的“学习区”。这可以是家里或者学校图书馆里的一张书桌或者一把椅子，但它应该是舒适的，而且不该有干扰。在你开始学习时，你应该能够全神贯注与你的功课。
　　3. 阅读之前先略读。这就是说，在你仔细阅读一篇文章之前，先把它从头到尾迅速浏览一遍。在预习材料时，你就能辨认出不太重要的材料，并且可以略去某些章节不读。略读不仅使你的阅读速度提高一倍，还有助于提高你的理解能力。
　　4. 充分利用课堂上的时间。上课时注意听讲意味着课后少花力气。要坐在能看得见、听得清的地方。要作笔记来帮助自己记住老师讲课的内容。
　　5. 学习要有规律。课后要及早复习笔记。重温课堂上提到的要点，复习你仍然混淆不清的地方。阅读教科书上讲到这些内容的有关章节。如果你周到第二天老师要讲述的内容，那你就把这部分材料浏览一下。这有助于你听懂下一堂课。如果你定期复习笔记和课本，你就能更深刻地领会这些材料的内容，你的记忆也会保持得更长久。定期复习是提高考试成绩的有效途径。
　　6. 树立正确的考试态度。考试的目的在于考察你掌握某一科目的程度。一次考试不及格，天是不会塌下来的。因此，不必为个别的一次考试而过分担心。不错，考试是要评定分数的，但考试也让你知道自己在哪些方面还需要进一步下功夫钻研，而且，考试还有助于你进一步巩固所学到的新知识。
　　还有另外一些能帮助你提高学习效果的方法。这里只是提到寥寥几种。你尝试过这几种方法之后，或许还会发现许多别的方法。跟同学们一起聊聊它们的学习方法。让他们分享你所发现的某些行之有效的学习方法。改进学习习惯一定会提高你的学习成绩。

• 课后习题及参考答案

Exercise A

1. _____ A student with average intelligence can hardly be a top student unless he or she does a lot of additional work.
2. _____ A weekly schedule will help solve all your problems.
3. _____ You should spend as much time as possible on your work.
4. _____ A good place for study should be quiet, comfortable and spacious.
5. _____ Skimming means reading a passage carefully and slowly.
6. _____ Being attentive and taking notes in class will save you a lot of time after class.
7. _____ If you review your class work regularly, you will get better grades on tests.
8. _____ The main purpose of a test is to provide grades.
9. _____ Improving your study habits means having better learning techniques.
10. _____ The author thinks he has covered most of the important study techniques in this article.

Keys:
1. F. A student with average intelligence can be top students without additional work.
2. F. This weekly schedule may not solve all of your problems.
3. F. Of course, studying shouldn’t occupy all the free time on the schedule. It’s important to set aside time for relaxation, hobbies, and entertainment as well.
4. F. A good place for study may be a desk or a chair at home or in the school library.
5. F. Skimming means looking over a passage quickly before you begin to read it more carefully.
6. T.
7. T.
8. F. The purpose if a test is to show what you have learned about a subject.
9. T.
10. F. The author thinks there are other techniques that might help you with your studying, and only a few have been mentioned here.

Exercise B

1. an average student with average intelligence is a student who ________ .
   a. is neither very bright nor very dull
   b. has a normal ability to learn and understand
   c. does sufficiently well but wins no distinction
   d. all of the above

2. The statement “This is not necessarily the case, however” can best be replaced by ________ .
   a. “But this may not be true”
   b. “But this is absolutely not true”
   c. “This is generally true, though not without exceptions”
   d. “Under no circumstances is this true”

3. According to the author, a weekly schedule is of great importance in that is helps you ________ .
   a. reserve as much time as possible for your homework
   b. spend most of your time fulfilling your obligations as a college student
   c. have adequate time for both work and play
   d. effectively plan all your activities on campus

4. “Committed time” is the time ________ .
   a. required to fulfill one’s obligations and take care of the necessities of life
   b. reserved for a particular purpose
   c. one has to make full use of
   d. during which something meaningful is done

5. Judging from the context, the word “distractions”(Line 3, Para. 3) most probably means ________ .
   a. things that draw away the mind or attention
   b. things that are unusually amusing and entertaining
   c. things that are distressing and annoying
   d. none of the above

6. Which of the following might the author not agree to?
   a. The purpose of a test is to show how well you have learned about a certain subject.
   b. Tests make reading materials more meaningful and help you have a good grasp of what you have learned.
   c. Regular review is definitely a better study habit than waiting to begin reviewing until a quiz or test is announced.
   d. Tests are important but grades are not.

7. “The world will not end” can best be interpreted as ________ .
   a. “it doesn’t matter whether you pass the test or not”
   b. “don’t take it too seriously; it is, after all, a common occurrence”
   c. “don’t feel much too upset; it is not the worst thing that could happen”
   d. “work hard and you will make it next time”

8. This article is intended for ________ .
   a. students who are hard working but with poor performance on tests
   b. students who are eager to improve their academic performance
   c. students in general
   d. language students at college

keys:
1.d　　2.a　　3.c　　4.a　　5.a　　6.d　　7.c　　8.c

Exercise Ｃ

(1) You can receive better grades if you want to. Yes, even students of average intelligence can be top students without additional work.
______________________________

(2) Of course, studying shouldn’t occupy all of the free time on the schedule. It’s important to set aside time for relaxation, hobbies, and entertainment as well.
______________________________

(3) Skimming helps double your reading speed and improves your comprehension as well.
______________________________

(4) If you review your notes and textbook regularly, the material will become more meaningful and you will remember ti longer.
______________________________

(5) Improving your study habits will improve your grades.
______________________________

Keys:
(1) 如果你想得到更好的成绩，你就能得到。是的，即便是智力一般的学生无需多下功夫也能成为尖子生。
(2) 当然，学习不应该占用时间表上的全部空余时间。留出时间休息，搞一点业余爱好和娱乐也是很重要的。
(3) 略读可以帮助你将阅读速度提高一倍，同时也可以提高你的理解能力。
(4) 如果你定期复习你的笔记和课本，你就能更深刻地领会这些材料的内容，你的记忆也会保持得更长久。
(5) 改进你的学习习惯会提高你的学习成绩。

• Guided Writing

Part Ⅰ

Model:
The work is good.
It could be better. (yet)
The work is good, yet it could be better.

1. At first she didn’t want to go.
   Later, she changed her mind. (however)
   ______________________________

2. I have read one of his novels.
   I have read a few of his plays. (as well as)
   ______________________________

3. He doesn’t know what happened.
   He doesn’t care what happened. (neither... not)
   ______________________________

4. It was a cold snowy day.
   He had no money left for food. (and)
   ______________________________

5. It rained heavily last night.
   I went to the show anyway. (but)
   ______________________________

6. The books is due(到期的) tomorrow.
   I have to rush through it tonight. (therefore)
   ______________________________

7. Hurry up.
   You’ll be late. (or)
   ______________________________

8. I enjoy classical(古典的) music.
   She enjoys classical music, too.
   ______________________________

9. You may get there by sea.
   You may get there by air, too. (either... or)
   ______________________________

10. He must be ill.
    He is absent today. (for)
    ______________________________

11. I never saw him again.
    I never heard from him again. (nor)
    ______________________________

12. Mr. White was shocked(被震惊) by the news.
    ______________________________

Keys:
1. As first she didn’t want to go. Later, however, she changed her mind.
2. I have read one of his novels as well as a few of his play.
3. He neither knows nor cares what happened.
4. It was a cold snowy day and he had no money left for food.
5. I rained heavily last night but I went to the show anyway.
6. The book is due tomorrow. Therefore, I have to rush through it tonight.
7. Hurry up, or you’ll be late.
8. I enjoy classical music. So does she.
9. You may get there either by sea or by air.
10. He must be ill, for he is absent today.
11. I never saw him again. Nor did I hear from him.
12. Both Mr. and Mrs. White were shocked by the news.

Part Ⅱ

参考:
One’s listening comprehension and speaking ability grow by practice. To achieve good results, it is necessary to practice listening to English on a regular basis. I will start by listening to tapes based on the materials we use in class. Later, when I am more advanced, listening to taped lectures, stories, and news reports will be a good way to improve may ear. And I will develop my speaking ability by taking an active part in classroom activities and talking with my fellow students after class. Besides, I will try to find native speakers on my campus and make friends with them. A sustained friendship with people from English-speaking countries will provide the motivation to communicate and help improve my spoken English slowly but steadily.

(END)