PART 1: Thoughts

孩子成长的三阶段: 

1.启蒙关键期：兴趣

父母：重要角色——价值观的导向作用，这个阶段孩子需要父母给予大量陪伴的时间，关注和鼓励

动机：好奇心→表扬、对自我技能的满足感、兄弟姐妹间的竞争（不过我想这点还是需要斟酌，因为中国的孩子已经受够了和“别人家的孩子”对比，压力太大反而适得其反。）

2.刻意练习首次触电：变得认真

导师：刻意练习训练，鼓励和表扬

父母：支持，鼓励，表扬，日程安排，帮助孩子创建心理表征——培养技能和养成习惯（长期激励）

动机：外部→内部（心理表征的创建）

3.投入

导师：最好的导师

父母：时间和费用

动机：靠自己保持

孩子的启蒙：以前喜欢英语但一直没机会用到，也羞于开口，姐姐的宝宝出生后我就开始偷偷用英语和她交流，原本只是为了练习自己的口语，在她一岁的左右时，我发觉当我问她"where do you want to go?" "where is our home?"她都明白并且都会指出，我便更积极的练口语，也渐渐敢在家人面前和她用英语交流。现在她四岁了，26个字母都认识，颜色也会说，进我房间会问我"may I come in"，每次我说我要学习时，她会说我也要学习，要学a、 apple，我就会帮她开starfall， 她会很认真看视频跟读。永远不要低估孩子的吸收能力和我们的影响，我生活的周围人们常喜欢把学习差的责任怪在孩子和老师身上，却不晓得大人对孩子早期的陪伴，引导的重要性。

成年人的学习：或许成年后的学习没有孩童时期吸收的那么快，但成年人的心理适应能力还有抵御诱惑力往往更强，而且实际经验也丰富，只要我们找对方法一直坚持下去。自从在小侄女身上得到成就感后，我开始刻意的练习英语口语，尝试了许多练习方式，去年更意外的得到一个和英语有关的工作机会，我的口语也受到一些好评，但谁知道我以前英语有多差，四级也是踩线过。就像大器晚成的摩西奶奶说的：“有人总说:已经晚了。实际上，“现在”就是最恰当的时候。对一个真正有追求的人来说，生命的每个时期都是年轻的、及时的。”

PART 2: Summary

The author holds that the parents of children who are to become experts play a crucial role in the child's development.（订：in the children's development.） For one thing, the parents shape the interests of their children. And they help their children develop mental representations. （订：For one thing, the parents shape the interests of their children  and help them to develop mental representations.）And, again, the parents always need to give them a great deal of time, support, encouragement and money for improvements. Furthermore, a good teacher or coach is also an important role who instruct the children the why more than the how.

Although more and more older adults are training harder and harder, the adult brain is still more than capable of learning and changing. Moreover, if we adults try hard enough, our brains will find a way, just as the case of Don. We can develop our skills by constant deliberate practice.

PART 3: Words and Expression

1. pathbreaker: n.闯将,开拓者

pathfinder: n. a person who discovers new ways of doing things探路者，探险者；开拓者，开创者

原文：These are the people whose contributions leave their fields forever changed, the pathfinders who lead the way into new territory so that others can follow.

仿句：Mayun is a pathfinder in e-business.

2.原文：However, the student who makes it to the end of this arduous road will have joined an elite cadre of people who can say categorically that they have reached the pinnacle of human achievement.

cadre:n.a small group of specially trained people in a profession, political party, or military force 干部；基础结构cadre of

pinnacle:n. the most successful, powerful, exciting, etc part of something 

pinnacle of / at the pinnacle of something

仿句：There is a new cadre of leaders who will visit our branch office .

3.原文：There are master's divisions in track and field competitions with age brackets up to eighty and beyond.

bracket:做n.时表示括号、支架意思； 这里做动词 v. to consider two or more people or things as being similar or the same 把…归入同一类

be bracketed together/ be bracketed with somebody/something

仿句：Don't bracket me with her just because we are classmates.