Time：8:27-8:39 e+t——>P (较上次又好一些，部分段落大意等理解，注意力集中不易，且不够完善)
Day 1 :
1. cybersecurity n.
1） the state of being safe from electronic crime and the measures taken to achieve this
eg：
Britain's cybersecurity industry is worth more than 6 billion.
The company has made its first acquisition, another cybersecurity business.
2. cyber- combining form
indicating computers
3. computer security is a contradiction in terms.
If you say that something is a contradiction in terms, you mean that it is described as having a quality that it cannot have.
eg:
A public service run for profit–a contradiction in terms if there ever was one.
contradiction
1) the act of going against; opposition; denial
2) a declaration of the opposite or contrary
3) a person or thing containing conflicting qualities
eg:
The militants see no contradiction in using violence to bring about a religious state.
The commonest explanation for this apparent contradiction is that poverty and anxiety intensified the need for escapism.
4. the $4.8bn takeover of Yahoo by Verizon
1）the act of gaining control of a company by buying more of its shares than anyone else.
[business]
...the government's takeover of the Bank of New England Corporation.
...a hostile takeover bid for NCR, America's fifth-biggest computer-maker. （恶意收购）
2）the act of taking control of a country, political party, or movement by force.
There's been a military takeover of some kind.
5. A take over by B, was nearly derailed by two enormous data breaches.
derail 【diːreɪl】
1）verb
To derail something such as a plan or a series of negotiations means to prevent it from continuing as planned.
[journalism]
The present wave of political killings is the work of people trying to derail peace talks.
...a fear that any reform could be derailed by hard-line Communists.
Synonyms: prevent, stop, block, check
2）If a train is derailed or if it derails, it comes off the track on which it is running.
eg：
Several people were injured today when a train was derailed.
No-one knows why the train derailed.
（很是生动，de-rail 出轨，阻止按照原来计划行事）
breach 【briːtʃ】
1）If you breach an agreement, a law, or a promise, you break it.
The newspaper breached the code of conduct（行为规范、准则）on privacy.
The film breached the criminal libel laws.
Synonyms: break, violate, go against, flout
2）Variable noun（N-VAR 有变体名词）
A breach of an agreement, a law, or a promise is an act of breaking it.
The congressman was accused of a breach of secrecy rules.
...a $1 billion breach of contract suit.
Synonyms: nonobservance, abuse, violation, infringement
3）C
A breach in a relationship is a serious disagreement which often results in the relationship ending.
[formal]
Their actions threatened a serious breach in relations between the two countries.
...the breach between Tito and Stalin.
Synonyms: disagreement, difference, division, separation
4）If you breach someone's security or their defences, you manage to get through and attack an area that is heavily guarded and protected.（tick~）
The bomber had breached security by hurling his dynamite from a roof overlooking the building.
（hurl：throw it violently and with a lot of force）
（dynamite：explosion；blow up；react strongly）
6. Away from the headlines, a black market in computerised extortion, hacking-for-hire and stolen digital goods is booming.
1. extortion [ɪkstɔːʳʃən]
the crime of obtaining something from someone, especially money, by using force or threats.
eg：
He has been charged with extortion and abusing his powers.
Synonyms: blackmail, force, oppression, compulsion
2. for hire
If something is for hire, it is available for you to hire.
[mainly British]
Fishing tackle is available for hire.
REGIONAL NOTE: in AM, usually use for rent
3. boom
7. Computers increasingly deal not just with abstract data like credit-card details and databases, but also with the real world of physical objects and vulnerable human bodies.
1) adjective
Someone who is vulnerable is weak and without protection, with the result that they are easily hurt physically or emotionally.
Old people are particularly vulnerable members of our society.
2) adjective
If a person, animal, or plant is vulnerable to a disease, they are more likely to get it than other people, animals, or plants.
People with high blood pressure are especially vulnerable to diabetes.
Plants that are growing vigorously are less likely to be vulnerable to disease.
3) adjective
Something that is vulnerable can be easily harmed or affected by something bad.
Their tanks would be vulnerable to attack from the air.
...a table showing which cars are most vulnerable to theft.
Goodyear could be vulnerable in a prolonged economic slump.
Synonyms: exposed, open, unprotected, defenceless
8. The arrival of the “Internet of Things” will see computers baked into everything from road signs and MRI scanners to prosthetics and insulin pumps.
1) bake in
(tr, adverb) informal
to include (a feature) as an integral part of a computer's operating system.
2) integral [ˈɪntɪgrəl]
Something that is an integral part of something is an essential part of that thing.
Rituals and festivals form an integral part of every human society.
Anxiety is integral to the human condition.
Synonyms: essential, basic, fundamental, necessary
3) MRI scanner: 核磁共振扫描仪
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
4) prosthetic [prɒs'θetɪk]
Prosthetic parts of the body are artificial ones used to replace natural ones. [medicine]
5) insulin pump [ˈɪnsjəlɪn] 胰岛素泵
a substance that most people produce naturally in their body and which controls the level of sugar in their blood.
In diabetes the body produces insufficient insulin.
6) diabetes [ˌdaɪəˈbi:ti:z]
a medical condition in which someone has too much sugar in their blood.
9. There is little evidence that these gadgets will be any more trustworthy than their desktop counterparts.
1) gadget C [gædʒɪt]
A gadget is a small machine or device which does something useful. You sometimes refer to something as a gadget when you are suggesting that it is complicated and unnecessary.
...kitchen gadgets including toasters, kettles and percolators.
...the latest gadget for the technology obsessed: pocket-sized computers that you write on with a pen.
Synonyms: device, thing, appliance, machine
2) counterpart C 配对物
Someone's or something's counterpart is another person or thing that has a similar function or position in a different place.
The Foreign Secretary telephoned his Italian counterpart to protest. (Italian Secretary)
The Finnish organization was very different from that of its counterparts in the rest of the Nordic region.
3）desktop=desktop computer
10. take remote control of connected cars and pacemaker.
1) C
A pacemaker is a device that is placed inside someone's body in order to help their heart beat in the right way.
She was fitted with a pacemaker after suffering serious heart trouble.
2) C
A pacemaker is a competitor in a race whose task is to start the race very quickly in order to help the other runners achieve a very fast time. Pacemakers usually stop before the race is finished.
11. It is tempting to believe that the security problem can be solved with yet more technical wizardry and a call for heightened vigilance.
1) tempting
If something is tempting, it makes you want to do it or have it.
In the end, I turned down Raoul's tempting offer of the Palm Beach trip.
If you're slimming, resisting tempting goodies becomes a measure of your 'success' as a woman.
At first glance, it would be tempting to agree.
Synonyms: inviting, enticing, seductive, alluring
2) wizardry U [wɪzəʳdri]
You can refer to a very clever achievement or piece of work as wizardry, especially when you do not understand how it is done.
...a piece of technical wizardry.
Synonyms: expertise, skill, know-how [informal] , craft
3) vigilance [ˈvɪdʒɪləns] N
1> the fact, quality, or condition of being vigilant
2> the abnormal state or condition of being unable to sleep
4) vigilant [ˈvɪdʒɪlənt]
Someone who is vigilant gives careful attention to a particular problem or situation and concentrates on noticing any danger or trouble that there might be.
He warned the public to be vigilant and report anything suspicious.
All but one of these letter bombs had been intercepted by vigilant post office staff.
Synonyms: watchful, alert, on the lookout, careful
12. paranoia
1）U [pærənɔɪə]
If you say that someone suffers from paranoia, you think that they are too suspicious and afraid of other people.
The mood is one of paranoia and expectation of war.
...the mounting paranoia with which he viewed the world around him.
Synonyms: obsession, suspicion, delusion, persecution complex
13. Companies of all stripes should embrace initiatives like “bug bounty” programmes, whrerby firms reward ethical hackers for discovering flaws so that ……
1) stripe
1> a long line which is a different colour from the areas next to it.
She wore a bright green jogging suit with a white stripe down the sides.
The walls in the front bedroom are painted with broad, pale blue and white stripes.
Synonyms: band, line, streak, marking
2> In the armed forces or the police, stripes are V-shaped bands of material sewn onto a uniform to indicate the rank of corporal or sergeant. In the United States, stripes can also show the length of time that a person has served in an organization.
...a soldier with a corporal's stripes on his arms.
He'd lost his stripes for slovenliness and cheek.
3> mainly US and Canadian
kind; sort; type
eg: a man of a certain stripe
2) bug bounty （纠错奖励）
1> N-VAR
You can refer to something that is provided in large amounts as bounty.
[literary]
...autumn's bounty of fruits,seeds and berries.
Synonyms: abundance, plenty, exuberance, profusion
2> money that is offered as a reward for doing something, especially for finding or killing a particular person.
A bounty of $50,000 was put on Dr. Alvarez's head.
They paid bounties for people to give up their weapons.
Synonyms: reward, present, grant, prize
13. Such weakness was compounded by the history of the internet
The noun is pronounced [kɒmpaʊnd]. The verb is pronounced [kəm'paʊnd]
1) To compound a problem, difficulty, or mistake means to make it worse by adding to it.
V [formal]
Additional bloodshed and loss of life will only compound the tragedy.
The problem is compounded by the medical system here.
Synonyms: intensify, add to, complicate, worsen
2) C
A compound is an enclosed area of land that is used for a particular purpose.
Police fired on them as they fled into the embassy compound.
...a military compound.
3) C
In chemistry, a compound is a substance that consists of two or more elements.
Organic compounds contain carbon in their molecules.
Synonyms: combination, mixture, blend, composite
3) ADJ
Compound is used to indicate that something consists of two or more parts or things.
...a tall shrub with shiny compound leaves.
...the compound microscope.
Synonyms: complex, multiple, composite, conglomerate
4) ADJ
In grammar, a compound noun, adjective, or verb is one that is made up of two or more words, for example 'fire engine', 'bottle-green', and 'force-feed'.
14. This is not a counsel of despair
1) U advice [formal]
He had always been able to count on her wise counsel.
His parishioners sought his counsel and loved him.
Synonyms: advice, information, warning, direction
2) keep one's own counsel
If you keep your own counsel, you keep quiet about your opinions or intentions.
Guscott rarely speaks out, preferring to keep his own counsel.
15.incentive
N-VAR
If something is an incentive to do something, it encourages you to do it.
There is little or no incentive to adopt such measures.
Many companies in Britain are keen on the idea of tax incentives for R&D.
Synonyms: inducement, motive, encouragement, urge
16. often spark calls for encryption to be weakened so that ……
[ɪn'krɪpʃn] 加密，密钥（yue 四声）
any system for security and fraud prevention which automatically breaks up and reorders information before it is sent via telephone lines or the Internet.
It is a system that relies on heavy encryption and state-of-the-art security.
Encryption is the conversion of data into a form that cannot be easily understood by an unauthorized person, and is important to make electronic transactions secure.
17. hamper
1）verb
If someone or something hampers you, they make it difficult for you to do what you are trying to do.
The bad weather hampered rescue operations.
I was hampered by a lack of information.
Synonyms: hinder, handicap, hold up, prevent
2）C
A hamper is a basket containing food of various kinds that is given to people as a present.
...a luxury food hamper.
Synonyms: basket, case, package, flax kit [New Zealand]
18. gizmos
A gizmo is a device or small machine which performs a particular task, usually in a new and efficient way. People often use gizmo to refer to a device or machine when they do not know what it is really called.
[informal]
...a plastic gizmo for holding a coffee cup on the dashboard.
19. one instance of the general problem with computeur secrurity
1）C
An instance is a particular example or occurrence of something.
She cited an instance where their training had been a marvelous help in dealing with problems.
...an investigation into a serious instance of corruption.
Synonyms: example, case, occurrence, occasion
2）for instance=for example
3）at sbs instance
If you do something at someone's instance, you do it because they have ordered or requested you to do it.
[formal]
The rally was organised at the instance of two senior cabinet ministers.
4）in the first instance
You say in the first instance to mention something that is the first step in a series of actions.
In the first instance your child will be seen by an ear, nose and throat specialist.
The post was for one year in the first instance with possible renewal to a further year.
Synonyms: initially, at first, to begin with, first
20. botnet
[ˈbɒtˌnɛt] (sometimes with a capital)
a network of computers infected by a program that communicates with its creator in order to send unsolicited emails, attack websites, etc
僵尸网络，是指采用一种或多种传播手段，将大量主机感染bot程序(僵尸程序)，从而在控制者和被感染主机之间所形成的一个可一对多控制的网络。
21. router
[ruːtə] C 路由器（also known as Gateway）
On a computer or network of computers, a router is a piece of equipment which allows access to other computers or networks, for example the Internet.
22. malware
[mælweə] U 恶意软件（Malicious+Software）
a type of computer program that is designed to damage or disrupt a computer.
[computing]
Hackers conceal malware in pop-up windows.（弹出窗口）
23. disclaimed liability for the harm when its products go wrong
If you disclaim knowledge of something or disclaim responsibility for something, you say that you did not know about it or are not responsible for it. （否认）
[formal]
She disclaims any knowledge of her husband's business.
The government has disclaimed responsibility for the deaths of six people.
Synonyms: deny, decline, reject, disallow
24. free rein
1）plural noun
Reins are the thin leather straps attached round a horse's neck which are used to control the horse.
2）plural noun
Journalists sometimes use the expression the reins or the reins of power to refer to the control of a country or organization.
He was determined to see the party keep a hold on the reins of power.
3）give free/full rein to
If you give free rein to someone, you give them a lot of freedom to do what they want.
The government continued to believe it should give free rein to the private sector in transport.
25. this point will soon be moot
1) verb
If a plan, idea, or subject is mooted, it is suggested or introduced for discussion.
[formal]
Plans have been mooted for a 450,000-strong Ukrainian army.
When the theatre idea was first mooted I had my doubts.
Synonyms: bring up, propose, suggest, introduce
2) adjective
If something is a moot point or question, people cannot agree about it.
How long he'll be able to do so is a moot point.
Synonyms: debatable, open, controversial, doubtful
26. butt ?( butt up?
1) V usually foll by on or against
to lie or be placed end on to; abut
to butt a beam against a wall
2) bottom [informal]
3) The butt or the butt end of a weapon or tool is the thick end of its handle.
Troops used tear gas and rifle butts to break up the protests.
Synonyms: end, handle, shaft, stock
4) singular noun
If someone or something is the butt of jokes or criticism, people often make fun of them or criticize them.
He is still the butt of cruel jokes about his humble origins.
Synonyms: target, victim, object, point
27. excoriate
[ɪkskɔːrieɪt]
verb
To excoriate a person or organization means to criticize them severely, usually in public.
[formal]
He proceeded to excoriate me in front of the nurses.
28. lax
[læks]
If you say that a person's behaviour or a system is lax, you mean they are not careful or strict about maintaining high standards.
One of the problem areas is lax security for airport personnel.
There have been allegations from survivors that safety standards had been lax.
I was lax in my duties.
Synonyms: slack, casual, careless, sloppy [informal]
29. fatality
1) C
a death caused by an accident or by violence.
[formal]
Drunk driving fatalities have declined more than 10 percent over the past 10 years.
2) U
Fatality is the feeling or belief that human beings cannot influence or control events.
...with a feeling of fatality.
30. clamour
[klæmə]
1) V
If people are clamouring for something, they are demanding it in a noisy or angry way.
[journalism]
...competing parties clamouring for the attention of the voter.
At breakfast next morning my two grandsons were clamouring to go swimming.
Synonyms: yell, shout, scream, howl
2) singular noun
Clamour is used to describe the loud noise of a large group of people talking or shouting together.
Kathryn's quiet voice stilled the clamour.
She could hear a clamour in the road outside.
Synonyms: noise, shouting, racket, outcry
31. prod
1）If you prod someone or something, you give them a quick push with your finger or with a pointed object.
He prodded Murray with the shotgun.
Prod the windowsills to check for signs of rot.
Synonyms: poke, push, dig, shove
2）If you prod someone into doing something, you remind or persuade them to do it.
The report should prod the Government into spending more on the Health Service.
His remark prodded her to ask where Mora had gone.
Synonyms: prompt, move, urge, motivate
32. payout
C
a sum of money, especially a large one, that is paid to someone, for example by an insurance company or as a prize.
And there's time to win more, with a £10,000 payout still to play for over the next few days.
...long delays in receiving insurance payouts.
33. carve-out
(tr, adverb)
to make or create (a career)
he carved out his own future
Day 2 神词句翻译+逻辑导图
神句组：
1. It is tempting to believe that the security problem can be solved with yet more technical wizardry and a call for heightened vigilance.
人们倾向于相信安全问题在更多的技术发明和更紧的监管中将被解决。
通过利用更多尖端技术并提高警觉能解决安全问题——这一想法十分诱人。
注：分割长句，保留愿意的同时，令译文读起来更通顺
1）It is tempting to believe that
2）a call for heightened vigilance
2. That requires a kind of cultivated paranoia which does not come naturally to non-tech firms.
那（指足够重视安全问题）需要一系列长期培养的恐慌，而这些恐慌并不能自然而然地发生在非科技公司身上。
这就需要一种刻意培养的偏执，但非技术型的公司并不会自然而然的具备这一特质。
Cultivated paranoia字面意思指培养偏执，Cultivate培养，指有意识的形成某一特点，paranoia偏执，联系后面一句，提到所有的公司都应该积极主动检查漏洞，在问题发生之前及时修补，就好似平时我们说的偏执强迫症，可能明明门窗都关好了，但是出门前还得再三检查一下，由于出错的代价巨大，对于IT方面的漏洞就应该重视到近乎偏执，但是非技术公司一般都没有这样的传统习惯。
1）cultivated paronia
2) come naturally to
3. Such weaknesses are compounded by the history of the internet, in which security was an afterthought.
这些缺点在互联网的发展历史中逐步加深，因为在发展过程中，安全问题是可以之后再考虑的。[繁琐]
互联网的历史使得这一弱点雪上加霜， 一直以来，人们都是事后才会考虑安全性的问题。
1）be compounded by
2）afterthought
4. Computer security is best served by encryption that is strong for everyone.
电脑安全最好能够被强大到保护每一个用户的密钥武装【基本没说明白】
为所有人提供强化加密是最有利于计算机安全的
Be best served by 最有利的是….
Eg.
Rather than support America, European “allies” increasingly see their national interests best served by distancing themselves from the US as much as possible.
This suggests that small, open economies may be best served by fixed exchange rates.
5. A firm that takes reasonable steps to make things safe, but which is compromised nevertheless, will have recourse to an insurance payout that will stop it from going bankrupt.
一个正在逐步增强安全的，但是成效被折中的公司，将重新投保来防止自身破产。
采取合理措施加强安全但仍然受到侵害的公司,可以向保险公司索赔以避免破产。
1) compromise
If someone compromises themselves or compromises their beliefs, they do something which damages their reputation for honesty, loyalty, or high moral principles.
[disapproval] 违背、侵害
...members of the government who have compromised themselves by co-operating with the emergency committee.
He would rather shoot himself than compromise his principles.
2）nevertheles
You use nevertheless when saying something that contrasts with what has just been said.
[formal]
Most marriages fail after between five and nine years. Nevertheless, people continue to get married.
There had been no indication of any loss of mental faculties. His whole life had nevertheless been clouded with a series of illnesses.
Synonyms: even so, still, however, yet
3）recourse 索赔
1> a turning or seeking for aid, safety, etc.
to have recourse to the law
2> Business and Law
the right to demand payment from the maker or endorser of a negotiable instrument, as a bill of exchange
usually in without recourse, without obligation to pay (added by the endorser to a bill of exchange to escape possible liability)
3）have recourse to
6. But setting minimum standards still gets you only so far.
然而设立最低标准的成效也仅仅如此。
但是制定最低标准的作用也很局限。
get you far：作用巨大
get you only so far：作用有限Eg.
But hard work will only get you so far, the rest is genetic, according to an expert.
Clear and powerful writing is a rare skill in business, and it will get you far.
7. Silicon valley’s “go fast and break things” style of innovation is possible only if firms have relative free rein to put out new products while they still need perfecting.
只有公司享有相对自由的设定新产品的权限，硅谷的“快速行动打破常规”的创新风格才是可能实现的，同时此风格还需要不断完善。
硅谷“快速行动勇于突破”的创新理念行得通的前提在于: 公司有相对自由的权利推出尚未完善的产品。【赞！】
put out=launch
发布新产品：launch/ put out a new product
神词组：
1. Take security serious enough
足够重视安全问题
“重视”
take sth seriously
pay attention to
attach importance to
2. Take advantage of
利用
3. Point of illicit entry
非法入侵的事件
点
4. Create incentives for safer behavior
为了更安全的行动创造激励因素
创建鼓励安全行为的激励方案
（大致语序正确，然不够通顺）
5. Refrain from doing sth:
阻止做某事
克制做……
6. Spark calls for
激起……的呼吁
7. Hamper the ability of
阻止……的能力
削弱
8. Oblige sb to do sth
要求某人做某事
强制
If you are obliged to do something, a situation, rule, or law makes it necessary for you to do that thing.
The storm got worse and worse. Finally, I was obliged to abandon the car and continue on foot.
This decree obliges unions to delay strikes.
Synonyms: compel, make, force, require
9. Disclaim liability for
否认有……的责任
豁免
10. Draw comparisons to
提出意见（对比？不满？）
与……对比
11. Lax attitude
不够谨慎的态度（闲散，粗劣）
——松懈
12. Come down hard with
重拳出击
严厉惩罚
逻辑导图
分析：
1. 宏观框架没有建立起来，归纳能力待提高【一级小标题的建立】
2. 意识到了 technical 和 economic tools 的对比和重点，但是逻辑导图中体现的不清楚
3. 细节理解不到位，比如headlines featuring hacking incidents，知晓其意思但不知如何归入；比如 booming black market 没太懂，所以不知道怎么加。
4. 尤其是possible trend 部分，理解的仍不到位【看过图也是……囧】
1）dire situation
1> Dire is used to emphasize how serious or terrible a situation or event is.
[emphasis]
A government split would have dire consequences for domestic peace.
He was in dire need of hospital treatment.
...dire poverty.
2> If you describe something as dire, you are emphasizing that it is of very low quality.
[informal , emphasis]
...a book of children's verse, which ranged from the barely tolerable to the utterly dire.
Synonyms: terrible, awful, appalling, dreadful
2）clash with
1> Beliefs, ideas, or qualities that clash with each other are very different from each other and therefore are opposed.
Don't make any policy decisions which clash with official company thinking.
Here, morality and good sentiments clash headlong.
Synonyms: disagree, conflict, vary, counter
2> When people clash, they fight, argue, or disagree with each other.
[journalism]
A group of 400 demonstrators clashed with police.
Behind the scenes, Parsons clashed with almost everyone on the show.
The United States and Israel clashed over demands for a U.N. investigation into the killings.
Synonyms: conflict, grapple, wrangle, lock horns
Day 3 总结
1. 大部分的总结融合于各个模块，导图，反思。
2. there still remains a long long way for me to catch up, many times I wonder how can I forget the meaning of the word, I've seen countless of them before, but what had happened could not be erased.
I have to admit that I'm always lacking of the explicit perception over the exact words, I can only get an ambiguous image in my brain, the rest remains to guess —>_—>
So I'm on my way putting forth efforts to lengthen the short stave.
And I know that I will :)
3. background reading 6:00——6:45（maybe……）
why~？[technology/culture/economic incentives of the computer business]
1) Not all hackers are so public-spirited
2) facilitationg markets that coding skills are now entirely optional
3) the scope for malice is ablut to expand remarkably
4) Mordern computer chips are typically designed by several parts.
5) one weakness——plug every single hole
6) net needs a layer of additional software half a million lines long to keep things like credit-card detail safe.
7) impunity
8) markets r changing
9) soft-ware
After the audio：
1. myth：believed by many people but is actually untrue
2. cyber：网络本身有漏洞
3. 像在公共领域推行公众健康一样（疫苗——regulations），推行网络安全。
4. 一个问题——spark calls for encryption to be weakened so that the security services can better monitor what individuals are up to.
solved:
spark calls for encrytion to be weakened：引发对降低加密级别的号召
individuals are up to: 人们究竟想做什么
(spoken)
doing sth secret or sth that you should not be doing
The children are very quiet, I wonder what thery're up to.
I always suspected that he was up to no good (=doing sth bad)
5. This is not a counsel of despair.
不是绝望的境地
[以上~]
