Proceeding n.
一、释义
1. 英文释义
1） The regular and orderly progression of a lawsuit, including all acts and events between the time of commencement[1] and the entry of judgment.
2) Any procedural means of seeking redress[2] from a tribunal[3] or agency.
3) An act or step that is part of a larger action.
4) The business conducted by a court or other official body; a hearing.
5) Bankruptcy. A particular dispute or matter arising within a pending case --as opposed to the case as a whole.
"'Proceeding' is a word much used to express the business done in courts. A proceeding in court is an act done by the authority or direction of the court, express or implied. It is more comprehensive than the word 'action,' but it may include in its general sense all the steps taken or measures adopted in the prosecution or defense of an action, including the pleadings and judgment. As applied to actions, the term 'proceeding' may include--
(1) the institution of the action;
(2) the appearance of the defendant;
(3) all ancillary[4] or provisional[5] steps, such as arrest, attachment of property, garnishment[6], injunction[7], writ of ne exeat[8];
(4) the pleadings;
(5) the taking of testimony before trial;
(6) all motions made in the action;
(7) the trial;
(8) the judgment;
(9) the execution;
(10) proceedings supplementary to execution;
(11) the taking of the appeal or writ of error;
(12) the remittitur[9], or sending back of the record to the lower court from the appellate[10] or reviewing court;
(13) the enforcement of the judgment, or a new trial, as may be directed by the court of last resort[11]."
Edwin E. Bryant, The Law of Pleadings Under the Codes of Civil Procedure 3-4( 2d ed.1899).
2. 中文释义
1）程序；诉讼程序：
------可指完整的正规的诉讼程序，包括从诉讼开始到作出判决期间所进行的全部行为和步骤；
------也可指在一个大的诉讼过程中的某一程序阶段或步骤
------或指向法庭或其他机构寻求救济的程序手段
2）听审；听证： 执法员或其他官方机构所处理的事务
3）（破产法）：在诉讼期间产生的特定争议或事项---区别于作为整体的案件本身。
二、衍生词汇节选
adjudicatory proceeding 行政裁决程序 =adjudicatory action/hearing/process
administrative proceeding 行政听证程序
指由行政机关所举行的听证、讯问（inquiry）、调查或庭审程序，通常适用于才觉醒决定，但有时也适用于准立法性决定。
=evidentiary hearing; full hearing; trial-type hearing; agency adjudication
collateral proceeding 附带程序
为解决附属于主要程序（principal proceeding）的某一问题而进行的程序。
competency proceeding 意识能力诉讼
"A proceeding to assess a person's mental capacity."
"A competency hearing may be held either in a criminal context to determine a defendant's competency to stand trial or as a civil proceeding to assess whether a person should be committed to a mental-health facility or should have a guardian appointed to manage the person's affairs."
core proceeding 核心诉讼
指由破产法院管辖的、其请求对债权人与债务人的关系具有实质影响的诉讼，如请求追回破产前进行的欺诈转让的财产的诉讼。
ex parte proceeding 单方程序
“A proceeding in which not all parties are present or given the opportunity to be heard."
in camera proceeding 非公开程序
informal proceeding 非正式程序
"A trail conducted in a more relaxed manner than a typical court trial, such as an administrative hearing or a trial in small-claims court."
parallel proceeding 并行诉讼
"A criminal, civil, or administrative proceeding that runs concurrently or simultaneously with another relating to the same core facts.
proceeding in rem 对物诉讼= in rem action
"A proceeding brought to affect all person's interest in a thing that is subject to the power of a state."
quasi-criminal proceeding 准刑事诉讼
"Procedure. A civil proceeding that is conducted in conformity with the rules of a criminal proceeding because a penalty analogous to a criminal penalty may apply, as in some juvenile proceedings."
For example, juvenile delinquency is classified as a civil offense. But like a defendant in a criminal trial, an accused juvenile faces a potential loss of liberty. So criminal procedure rules apply.
summary proceeding 简易程序
"A non-jury proceeding that settles a controversy or disposes of a case in a relatively prompt and simple manner.=summary trial. Cf. plenary action
指以一种快速、简便的方式来解决争议、处理案件或开庭审判，不需陪审团的参加，也可以不遵守普通程序中有关诉讼开始、文书送达等各方面要求的一种程序。但适用简易程序必须建立在正确调查事实的基础之上，要事先告知当事人，并给予被控告实施某行为者或其财产将受影响者以陈述的机会。
该词有时也指某些非由法院进行的合法程序，如直接的排除妨害（physical abatement of a nuisance)、自行取回财物（recaption of goods)等。
三、生词
[1] commencement n. （诉讼）开始
[2] redress n. 补救=recovery; restitution
[3] tribunal n. 法院、法官席
[4] ancillary adj. 辅助的、附属的
[5] provisional adj. 临时的、暂时的
[6] garnishment adj. 扣押第三债务人财产令
[7] injunction adj. 禁制令
[8] ne exeat n. 禁止离境令 writ of ne exeat 禁止离境令状
[9] remittitur n. 案件发回原审法院重审；减少损害赔偿金
[10] appellate adj. 受理上诉的
[11] last resort 终极手段
(来源：Black's Law Dictionary, 《元照英美法词典》，《英汉法律用语词典》）
