EF Level 8, Unit 2 Living Better - Oct. 22, 2016

- Let's decide on a schedule. 让我们安排一下吧！
- I'm afraid I can't make it on Thursday.

- Are you available tomorrow morning? 明早有空吗？
- Perfect! That works for me. 这个方案可行。

She may not have the strength to lift that much weight.

He could strengthen his heart with cardiovascular activity. 他可能通过心血管活动使心脏更加强壮。

cardiovascular ADJ <small>connected with the heart and the blood vessels. = the tubes that carry blood around the body.</small>

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I've got to do something to get into shape. I'm overweight, and I feel tired all the time. And my muscles hurt when I wake up in the morning. I need to get more flexible. So I'm going to do an exercise routine. I'm going to do some yoga and some aerobics activity. I'm going to do everything possible to get it.

(get) into shape <small>in good physical condition.</small>
(get/be) out of shape <small>not in good physical condition.</small>
flex VERB <small>to bend, move or stretch an arm or a leg, or contract a muscle, especially in order to prepare for a physical activity.</small>
flexible ADJ <small>able to bend easily without breaking.</small>
aerobics N-COUNT <small>physical exercises intended to make the heart and lungs stronger, often done in classes, with music.</small>

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crave a nice, big, juicy cheeseburger <small>(= a humbugger with a slice of cheese on it)</small>

crave V-T <small>to have a very strong desire for something.</small>

Keep up the good work. 加油！燃烧你的小宇宙吧！

Healthy Lifestyle

• Don't take everything so seriously. 船到桥头自然直／放宽心／心宽体胖(pán)。
• Everything in moderation. 凡事适可而止／节制。
• Maintain a healthy work-life balance. 工作、生活，两不误。
• Make a lifestyle change. 「中华民族」到了最危险的时刻了！
• Stay motivated. 保持活力。
• Spend quality time with family. 关注家庭／常回家看看。

work out <small>to train the body by physical exercise.</small>

Healthy Physical Habits

• Exercise every day.
• Eat more healthily.
• Don't eat everything you crave. 切勿暴饮暴食。
• Avoid fatty and salty foods.
• Get enough sleep.
• Drink lots of water.
• See your doctor regularly.

GRAMMAR: Modals of obligation

• MUST VS HAVE TO
  Use the modals have to and must to express obligation. Notice that both are followed by the base of the verb. Have to can be replaced with have go to. There is <u>no negative form</u> of have got to; instead, use don't have to.
• MUSTN'T VS DON'T HAVE TO
  The negative forms mustn't and don't have to have slightly different meanings. Mustn't means it's a <u>very bad idea</u> or it <u>isn't allowed</u>. Don't have to means you <u>don't need to do</u> something. There is not past tense form of must; instead, use had to.
• I saw the doctor yesterday. She said I have to change my lifestyle. I don't have to lose weight, but I have to do some cardiovascular exercise for my heart. I agree with the doctor. I've got to do this for myself. Which means I really must stop smoking, and I mustn't drink so much alcohol.

Don't be a slug.

slug N-COUNT <small>a small soft creature, like a snail without a shell, that moves very slowly and often eats garden plants.</small><small>a slow, lazy person.</small>

Make some changes in your lifestyle. You mustn't wait. The time is now. Make a change for the better. Why wait? It's time for a change. A change of lifestyle is what you need. Do it for yourself - nobody else.

Giving Advice

• WEAK ADVICE
  What I do is go jogging in the morning.
  It's a good idea to make changes slowly.
• MODERATE ADVICE
  Why don't you try exercising more in a while?
  You should eat healthier food.
  You might want to go to the gym after work.
• STRONG ADVICE
  You had better make some changes in your life.
  He has to stop smoking.
  You must get some sleep!

Different Ways to Say the Same Thing

Sometimes you can say the same thing in more than one way. Your choice of words may depend on the point you are trying to make or the seriousness of a situation.

• I can't sleep at night.
  I have insomnia.

• Why does she worry so much?
  She always seems so anxious.

• He's fatigued.
  Really tired.
  He may be suffering from exhaustion.

• She feels extremely sad all the time.
  I think she's depressed.

• My doctor told me I need to change my diet.
  He said the kind of food I'm eating is bad for me.

• overwork N-UNCOUNT
  overworked ADJ = not enough free time

• exhaustion N-UNCOUNT
  exhausted ADJ

• anxiety N-UNCOUNT = worry
  anxious ADJ

• depression N-UNCOUNT = sadness
  depressed ADJ

• fatigue N-UNCOUNT
  fatigued ADJ = very tired <small>(both physically and mentally)</small>

• eustress = good stress = positive stress
  distress = bad stress ≈ stress

Talking about CAUSES and EFFECTS

Use expressions like these to talk about causes and effects: can lead to; can cause; can be caused by; result in; the result of; one effect of; affect.
The noun effect and the verb affect are often confused.

Internal Definitions

When you com across a word you don't know in a text, you can sometimes figure out its meaning from the information that follows directly after it. This is called an internal definition. Internal definition immediately follow the difficult word, and are separated from it by a comma.

• Poor diet and lack of exercise can lead to diabetes, or your body's inability to produce insulin.

insulin N-MASS <small>a chemical substance produced in the body that controls the amount of sugar in the blood (by influencing the rate at which it is removed); a similar artificial substance given to people whose bodies do not produce enough</small>
cholesterol N-MASS <small>a substance found in blood, fat and most tissues of the body. Too much cholesterol can cause heart disease. 胆固醇</small>

• Migraines, or very severe headaches, can be caused by too much stress.

• Some people are workaholics, or people who compulsively work hard and long hours. Others have more balance in their lives.

Giving Approximate Information

• I work 50 hours or so a week.
  I work 50 hours a week, more or less.
  I work around 50 hours a week.
  I work approximately 50 hours a week.
  I work about 50 hours a week.
  I work 50 hours a week, give or take.
• So, this is my exercise routine. I've been doing it for about a year, and I do it eight times or so a month. I jog to the gym for 20 minutes, give or take. At the gym, I weightlift approximately 100 pounds around 30 times. After that I swim for 30 minutes, more or less.

forecast N-COUNT <small>a statement about what will happen in the future, based on information that is available now.</small>

Raising a Child

• VOCABULARY about Raising a Child:
  Communication, development, flexibility, right or wrong, spend time (with), experience, patience, bring up, drop out, grow up, set up, turn out, strict, rigour...
  talk over: talk while someone else is talking. (My child is rude because he talks over me when I'm speaking.)
  talk something over with: I will talk it over with him...
  It’s important to note the difference between “talk over” and “talk it over with.” For example “My daughter is very rude because she talks over me when I tell her to do something.” This means that when I’m talking, my daughter is talking back to me, without listening. Also, “I need to talk it over with him tomorrow.” This means that tomorrow I will discuss something with him.
• ADVICES
  Asking: Can you give me some advice? Do you have some advice for me?
  Giving: I think you should.... You should never....
  Agreeing/disagreeing: I totally agree with you...
• CORRECTIONS
  “You will not understand you child forever”
  --> You will not ever understand your child....
  Please be mindful (= conscious or aware) of the mistakes we made.

Describing Your Vacation

• VOCABULARY
  Overcrowded, injured, expectation, buffet, souvenirs, lodging, sightseeing.
• PRONOUNCIATION
  Buffet.

Embarrassing Situations

• EXPRESSING EMBARRASSMENT
  I’d never been so embarrassed!
  It was so embarrassing!
  It was such a disaster!
  I thought I might die!
• EXPRESSING EMPATHY (empathetic ADJ)
  That must have been awful!
  That’s really terrible!
  It was such a disaster!
  You poor thing!
  I can’t believe it!
  I am so sorry to hear that!
• Bonnie: Oh, My gosh! You'll never believe what just happened!
  John: What?!
  Bonnie: Well, I was just in a meeting with the boss. We were discussing my future with the company.
  John: [intersted, excited] Yeah? And?
  Bonnie: Just when it looked like he was going to suggest a promotion, I spilled my coffee in his lap! It was so embarrassing! I thought I might die!
  John: Oh, man! That must have been terrible!
  Bonnie: Oh ,it was! It was such a disaster!
  John: Geez! You poor thing!