上篇《RabbitMQ入门-Routing直连模式》我们介绍了可以定向发送消息,并可以根据自定义规则派发消息。看起来,这个Routing模式已经算灵活的了,但是,这还不够,我们还有更加多样灵活的Topic模式。
Topic模式
模型组成相较前几种没有什么变化,一个生产者P,一个交换机X,多个消息队列Q以及多个消费者C
在Exchange派发消息到消息队列Queue所用的规则不同,我们看到了有符号"*"以及"#",可以认为是通配符
"*"用于匹配一个单词,比如"a","abc"等;"#"用于匹配0个或者多个单词,比如"", "abc", "abc.def"等
发送端
/**
* Created by jackie on 17/8/7.
*/
public class EmitLogDirect {
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "direct_logs";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("192.168.3.161");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
String severity = getSeverity(argv);
String message = getMessage(argv);
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, severity, null, message.getBytes("UTF-8"));
System.out.println(" [x] Sent '" + severity + "':'" + message + "'");
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
private static String getSeverity(String[] strings){
if (strings.length < 1)
return "info";
return strings[0];
}
private static String getMessage(String[] strings){
if (strings.length < 2)
return "Hello World!";
return joinStrings(strings, " ", 1);
}
private static String joinStrings(String[] strings, String delimiter, int startIndex) {
int length = strings.length;
if (length == 0 ) return "";
if (length < startIndex ) return "";
StringBuilder words = new StringBuilder(strings[startIndex]);
for (int i = startIndex + 1; i < length; i++) {
words.append(delimiter).append(strings[i]);
}
return words.toString();
}
}
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC);这里指定的Exchagne模式为Topic模式
通过String routingKey = getRouting(argv);实现在Program arguments中填写routing key参数
通过String message = getMessage(argv);实现在Program arguments中填写发送的消息
这时候我们给Program argument赋值如下,并启动发送端程序
程序运行完,可以在RabbitMQ管理应用中看到名为“topic_logs”的Exchange。
接收端
/**
* Created by jackie on 17/8/7.
*/
public class ReceiveLogsDirect {
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "direct_logs";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("192.168.3.161");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
if (argv.length < 1){
System.err.println("Usage: ReceiveLogsDirect [info] [warning] [error]");
System.exit(1);
}
for(String severity : argv){
channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, severity);
}
System.out.println(" [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C");
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,
AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
System.out.println(" [x] Received '" + envelope.getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
}
};
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
}
}
和Routing模式异曲同工,声明与发送端一样的Exchange名称
通过Program arguments得到的routing key的输入参数,并将其与Exchange绑定,这时候就可以使用灵活的通配符了
运行情况
我们将启动两个消费者,并分别制定两套Routing key的规则。
第一个消费者
第二个消费者
启动两个消费者后,使用发送端发送一条消息,我们可以发现两个消费者都通过Routing key规则派发到了消息
注意:实际上如果Routing key写成了“#”表示能够接受所有的消息,类似广播模式。
这就是Topic模式,到此为止,几大主要RabbitMQ模式已经讲完了。你是否对于RabbitMQ有了一个基本的了解了?
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