文件上传的三种方法
- 直接上传到应用服务器
- 上传到OSS(阿里云 七牛云)
- 前端将图片转成Base64编码上传
SpringBoot文件上传示例——前后端不分离
1.创建upload模块项目
2.添加web、thymeleaf依赖
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
3.配置上传属性application.properties,指定上传文件大小限制等
#文件上传的配置
spring.servlet.multipart.max-file-size=100MB
4.编写Controller,通过java.nio实现稳健的上传
package com.springboot.upload.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.util.ResourceUtils;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.RedirectAttributes;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.UUID;
/**
* 上传文件控制器
* 直接上传到服务器
*
*/
@Controller
public class UploadController {
//指定一个临时路径作为上传目录
//private static String UPLOAD_FOLDER = "C:\\Users\\Liuyu\\Desktop\\UPLOAD\\";
//遇到http://localhost:8080,则跳转至upload.html页面
@GetMapping("/")
public String index() {
return "upload";
}
@PostMapping("upload")
public String fileUpload(@RequestParam("file")MultipartFile srcFile, RedirectAttributes redirectAttributes) {
//前端没有选择文件,srcFile为空
if(srcFile.isEmpty()) {
redirectAttributes.addFlashAttribute("message", "请选择一个文件");
return "redirect:upload_status";
}
//选择了文件,开始上传操作
try {
//构建上传目标路径,找到了项目的target的classes目录
File destFile = new File(ResourceUtils.getURL("classpath:").getPath());
if(!destFile.exists()) {
destFile = new File("");
}
//输出目标文件的绝对路径
System.out.println("file path:"+destFile.getAbsolutePath());
//拼接子路径
SimpleDateFormat sf_ = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss");
String times = sf_.format(new Date());
File upload = new File(destFile.getAbsolutePath(), "static/"+times);
//若目标文件夹不存在,则创建
if(!upload.exists()) {
upload.mkdirs();
}
System.out.println("完整的上传路径:"+upload.getAbsolutePath()+"/"+srcFile);
//根据srcFile大小,准备一个字节数组
byte[] bytes = srcFile.getBytes();
//拼接上传路径
//Path path = Paths.get(UPLOAD_FOLDER + srcFile.getOriginalFilename());
//通过项目路径,拼接上传路径
Path path = Paths.get(upload.getAbsolutePath()+"/"+srcFile.getOriginalFilename());
//** 开始将源文件写入目标地址
Files.write(path, bytes);
String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replaceAll("-", "");
// 获得文件原始名称
String fileName = srcFile.getOriginalFilename();
// 获得文件后缀名称
String suffixName = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf(".") + 1).toLowerCase();
// 生成最新的uuid文件名称
String newFileName = uuid + "."+ suffixName;
redirectAttributes.addFlashAttribute("message", "文件上传成功"+newFileName);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return "redirect:upload_status";
}
//匹配upload_status页面
@GetMapping("upload_status")
public String uploadStatusPage() {
return "upload_status";
}
}
5.控制器配置好thymeleaf的页面跳转及信息显示
- upload.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Spring Boot文件上传页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<form method="post" action="/upload" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<input type="file" name="file" >
<input type="submit" value="上传">
</form>
</body>
</html>
- upload_status.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>文件上传状态显示</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>SpringBoot文件上传状态</h2>
<div th:if="${message}">
<h2 th:text="${message}"/>
</div>
</body>
</html>
6.运行项目,上传文件,观察结果
-
文件上传到了该目录下F:\SpringBootStudy\spring-boot-damo\upload\target\classes
1.文件名在服务器端可以重命名(扩展名不变)
2.上传目录自动创建为当前系统日期