接上

flush

（肤色）健康红润的：healthy reddish

富有的：money in abundance

大量的：abundance

冲洗：pour liquid

Fever flushed his cheeks.

a flush of enthusiasm, anger, joy, etc

Give the toilet a flush. 冲一冲马桶.

fluster使慌乱：put into agitated confusion

Synonyms: DISCOMPOSE, agitate, bother, discombobulate, disquiet, disturb, flurry, perturb, unhinge, upset, faze
Related Words: bewilder, confound, distract, mystify, nonplus, perplex, puzzle; addle, confuse, fuddle, muddle
Antonyms: steady
Synonyms: CONFUSE 2, addle, ball up, befuddle, bewilder, ||bumfuzzle, distract, dizzy, fuddle, muddle

foible（性格上的）小缺点；小毛病＝fault
We all have our little foibles. 我们人人都有些小缺点.
foil挫败,阻止（某人）执行计画; 阻挠（计画等）
He was foiled in his attempt to deceive us/His attempt to deceive us was foiled. 他企图欺骗我们, 但没有得逞.

foment助长，煽动
foment discord, ill feeling, civil disorder, etc 引起不和、恶感、内乱等.

forbearance
（面对挑衅时的）自制，忍耐＝self-control＝restraint＝patience
show forbearance towards sb 对某人有耐性
exercise forbearance in dealing with people 宽以待人.

forebear
克制, 自制（不做或不说某事物）:
her mother’s gentle and forbearing character 她母亲那温柔而宽容的性格
He could not forbear from expressing his disagreement.他忍不住要表达不同意见. He forbore to mention/mentioning the matter again. 他克制住自己, 不再提及此事.

forestall预先阻止，先发制人
forestall a competitor, a rival, etc 抢在竞争者﹑ 对手之前行动
*I had my objection all prepared, but Stephens forestalled me. 我已做好准备要提出反对意见, 不料斯蒂芬斯却抢先了一步.

formidable
adj 可怕的；困难的（难以完成、克服或对付的）；
不可思议的（引起敬畏、钦佩或惊奇的）

forthright
直率的；直截了当的＝straightforward

founder
建立者：one establishes
完败：fail utterly
沉没：become submerged

fracas争吵
frail易碎的 虚弱的 fragile
friable易碎的 fragile脆弱的

fraught充满的 be fraught with filled
fretful易怒的 烦躁的
fringe
-n. 边缘 margine
-v. 与……接壤 在……边缘 be adjacent to
fringe theatre 末流剧院
on the fringe(s) of a forest

frivolous

轻率的，轻浮的

无关紧要的trivial

frothy用轻薄材料制作的
充满泡沫的，（个性、内容）浅薄的，空虚的(frivolous)
frothy beer
a novel written in a frothy style

frowsy
-邋遢的
-难闻的

Synonyms:SLATTERNLY, blowsy, dowdy, draggletailed, slattern, sordid
Related Words: lax, neglectful, negligent, remiss,slack
Antonyms: trim; smart
Synonyms:MALODOROUS**funky**, fusty, musty, noisome, rank, reeking, smelly, stale, stinking
full-bodied
重要的
味道浓烈的
a full-bodied wine; a full-bodied performance of the aria

fulminate
大声斥责
thunderously denunciate

fumble笨拙地行动

He fumbled the ball and then dropped it.
fumble in one’s pocket for some coins
She fumbled with her notes and began to speak.
fumble around;fumble for the right thing to say
fumbling around in the darkness

furtive

(a) done secretly and quietly so as not to be noticed 偷偷摸摸的; 鬼鬼祟祟的: a furtive glance 偷偷的一瞥 * furtive movements 诡秘的活动.

(b) (of a person or his behaviour) sly or secretive, suggesting that one is guilty of sth or does not want to be noticed （指人或行为）躲躲闪闪的; 遮遮掩掩的.

题目总结

innate 天生的，固有的，先天的

Synonyms:congenital, connate, connatural, inborn, indigenous, inherited, native, natural, unacquired

Related Words:constitutional, deep-seated, essential, ingrained, inherent, intrinsic; hereditary; normal, regular, standard, typical

Contrasted Words:accidental, adventitious, fortuitous, incidental; affected, assumed, feigned, simulated; cultivated, fostered, nurtured

Antonyms:acquired

hard-wired 

固定的固有的

兰登 韦氏的解释：pertaining to or being an intrinsic and relatively unmodifiable behavior

pattern: Every cricket has a hard-wired pattern of chirps.

indiscernible 

不可识别的，差别不出的

Synonyms:IMPERCEPTIBLE, impalpable, imponderable, inappreciable, insensible, intangible, unapparent, unappreciable, unobservable, unperceivable

Antonyms:discernible, distinguishable

circumscribed

Synonyms:DEFINITE1, determinate, fixed, limited, narrow, precise, restricted

Related Words:bound, bounded, finite; confined, cramped, strait

a life circumscribed by poverty受制於贫穷的一生（穷苦人太悲催，终其一生与贫穷为伍）

pervasive

无处不在的; 遍布的; 充斥各处的:pervasive smell, dust, damp etc

到处都有的气味﹑ 尘埃﹑ 湿气等

 *the pervasive mood of  pessimism 普遍存在的悲观情绪.

malleable

可塑的；有延展性的；顺从的

1 (of metals) that can be beaten or pressed into different shapes easily

（指金属）可锻的, 有延展性的.  

2 (fig 比喻) (of a person, his ideas, etc) easily influenced or changed （指人、 主意等）易受影响的, 易变的: The young are more malleable than the old.

年轻人比老年人容易受影响.

tax 作为动词

1impose a tax on (sb/sth); require (sb) to pay tax 对（某人[某事物]）徵税; 要求（某人）纳税:tax luxuries徵奢侈品税 

*tax rich and poor alike 对贫富一律徵税

 *My income is taxed at source, ie Tax is deducted from it before it is paid to me. 我的收入已先行扣除了所得税.

2make heavy demands on (sth); strain 造成（某事物）的重负; 使超过极限:

His constant requests for help taxed our goodwill.他不断要求我们帮助他, 过分利用了我们对他的好意. 

*All these questions are beginning to tax my patience.所有这些问题逐渐使我不胜其烦.

3 pay tax on (sth) 给（某物）纳税; 上税:

The car is taxed until July.这辆汽车七月前已上税.

4(idm 习语)

tax one's/sb's

brain(s)set sb/oneself a difficult mental task 给某人[自己]安排伤脑筋的工作:

This crossword will really tax your brain.这纵横字谜真能让人大伤脑筋.

5(phr v)

tax sb with sth(fml文) accuse sb of sth 指控某人某事:She was taxed with negligence/with

having been negligent.她被指控疏忽职守.taxable adj that can be or is liable to be taxed 应纳税的; 可能需纳税的:taxable earnings应纳税的收入.taxing adj tiring or demanding 累人的; 烦人的; 繁重的:a taxing job烦人的工作.

Strain

1. stretch (sth) tightly by pulling 拉紧, ?紧（某物）:strain a rope (to​ breaking-point/until it breaks)把绳子拉紧（直到拉断）.

2. make the greatest possible effort; use all one's power, energy, etc (to do sth) 竭力; 用全力（做某事）:wrestlers heaving and straining尽力拼搏的摔交运动员 *strain (one's ears) to hear a conversation聚精会神地听别人交谈 *straining to understand what she

meant努力弄懂她的意思 *strain one's voice to shout 扯着嗓门叫喊.

3.[Tn] injure or weaken (esp a part of the body) by stretching too much or trying too hard 因过度伸展或用力而损伤（尤指身体某部位）:strain a muscle, one's heart肌肉﹑ 心肌劳损 *strain one's eyes, eg by reading in a bad light 损害视力（如在微弱光线下阅读） *strain one's voice, ie by speaking or singing too long or too loudly 喊哑嗓子（因说话或唱歌时间过长或声音过大） * (ironic反语)I would welcome some help but don't strain yourself!我倒是盼着有人来帮忙--只是别累坏了你自己!

4.[Tn] (fml fig文, 比喻) force (sth) beyond a limit of what is acceptable 竭力使（某事物）超过极限:strain the credulity of one's listeners使听的人难以相信 *strain one's authority, rights, power, etc, ie go beyond what is allowed or reasonable 滥用权威﹑ 权利﹑ 权力等 *Her prose strains language(ie the meaning of words)to the limits.她的散文在语言运用上已超越了规范的极限.

5.[Tn] pass (food, etc) through a sieve, cloth, etc when separating solids from liquids 过滤（食物等）:strain the soup,

vegetables过滤汤﹑ 蔬菜 *The tea hasn't been strained, ie It is full of tea-leaves. 这茶未经过滤（未滤去茶叶）.

6.(idm 习语)

strain after

ef`fects/an ef`fecttry in a forced or unnatural way to make sth seem impressive 勉强地或造作地使某事物显得了不起.strain at the `leash(infml口) be eager to have the freedom to do what one wants 渴望挣脱束缚:teenagers straining at the leash to escape

parental control极力要摆脱父母控制的青少年.strain every `nerve (to do

sth)try as hard as one can 尽力（做某事）.

7.(phr v) strain at sth make a strenuous effort by pulling at sth 用力拉﹑ 拖﹑ 拽﹑ 曳...某物:rowers straining at the oars用力划桨的划船手 *dogs straining at the lead用力拖曳牵狗皮带的狗.strain sth off (from sth)remove (eg liquid) from solid matter by using a sieve, etc 滤去（液体等）:strain off the water from the cabbage when it is cooked烹调洋白菜时把水分滤掉.

strainedadj

1unnatural, forced and artificial; not easy or relaxed 不自然的; 勉强的; 造作的; 紧张的:astrained laugh勉强的笑 *strained relations, ie unpleasanttension between people, groups or countries 紧张的关系（人际 团体或国家之间的）.

2overtired and anxious 过度疲劳和焦虑的; 心力交瘁的:She looked very strained when I last saw her.我上次看见她时, 她显得非常憔悴.

strainern(esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) device for straining (strain15) liquids 过滤器; 滤网:a `tea-strainer滤茶器.

strain

1.[C, U] (a) condition of being stretched or pulled tightly 拉紧; ?紧; 张紧:The rope broke under the strain. 绳子拉断了. 

(b) force causing this 拉力; 张力; 引力:calculate the strains and stresses of a bridge计算桥梁的应变和应力 *What is the breaking strain of this cable?ie How much strain would break it? 这缆索的致断拉力是多少?

2.(a) [C, U] severe demand on one's mental or physical strength, resources, abilities, etc 对智力﹑ 体力﹑ 财力﹑ 能力等的严格要求; 负担; 压力:be under severe strain处於极度紧张的状态 *beginning to feel the strain开始感到有压力 *the strain of modern life现代生活的压力 *Paying all the bills is a strain on my resources.支付所有这些费用是我经济上的一大负担. *He finds his new job a real strain.他觉得新的工作的确很紧张. *How do you stand(ie cope with)the strain?你是怎样克服这种压力的? 

(b) [U] state of anxiety, tension or exhaustion caused by this 因有压力而产生的焦虑﹑ 紧张或心力交瘁:suffering from

mental/nervous strain精神[神经]极度紧张.

3.[C, U] injury to a part of the body caused by twisting a muscle, etc; sprain 劳损; 扭伤:a painful

strain使人疼痛的扭伤 *a groin strain阴部受伤.

bolster 支持

1.defeat (sb) heavily 将（某人）打得大败:Wales were trounced 5-0 by Poland.威尔士队让波兰队以5比0打得一败涂地.

2.(dated旧) punish (sb) severely; thrash 严惩（某人）; 痛打.