Moya 简介

Moya是一套基于Alamofire的网络抽象层框架。

个人认为Alamofire是基于URLSession上，如何更方便的调用请求，而Moya则是基于Alamofire上，通过抽象 URLs 和 parameter等等，更好的管理API。

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基本模板

Moya在对于API的封装是基于enum，通过对于枚举不同端点的不同用法，生成请求。

enum GitHub {
    case zen
    case userProfile(String)
}

extension GitHub: TargetType {
    var baseURL: URL { return URL(string: "https://api.github.com")! }
    var path: String {
        switch self {
        case .zen:
            return "/zen"
        case .userProfile(let name):
            return "/users/\(name)"
        }
    }

    var method: Moya.Method {
        return .get
    }

    var task: Task {
        return .requestPlain
    }

    var sampleData: Data {
        switch self {
        case .zen:
            return "Half measures are as bad as nothing at all.".data(using: String.Encoding.utf8)!
        case .userProfile(let name):
            return "{\"login\": \"\(name)\", \"id\": 100}".data(using: String.Encoding.utf8)!
        }
    }

    var validationType: ValidationType {
        return .successAndRedirectCodes
    }

    var headers: [String: String]? {
        return nil
    }
}

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通过枚举继承TargetType，添加细节实现。

var provider = MoyaProvider<GitHub>()
provider.request(target) { response in
    if case .failure(let error) = response {
        receivedError = error
    }
}
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最后生成根据TargetType生成provider进行请求。

到此就是Moya的基本实现。因为过于基本，不再赘述。

Codable

Codable协议是苹果提供解析数据的协议，在不使用第三方库，如ObjectMapper, SwiftyJson的情况下，将服务器返回的JSON数据转为model。

下面是一个简单的Codable示例：

struct Demo: Codable {
    var name: String
    var age: Int
}

func decode() {
    let jsonString =  "{\"name\":\"zhangsan\", \"age\":15}" // 模拟JSON数据
    let decoder = JSONDecoder()
    let data = jsonString.data(using: .utf8)!
    let model = try! decoder.decode(Demo.self, from: data)
    print(model) // Demo(name: "zhangsan", age: 15)
}
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在Moya的Response中已经封装好了对应的处理

 DemoProvider.provider.request(.zen) { (result) in
    switch result {
    case .success(let response):
        if let model = try? response.map(Demo.self) {
            success(model)
        }
    case .failure(let error):
        break
   }
}
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如果数据是在JSON的好几个层级中，也可以通过设定keypath获取：

{
    data: {
        name: "test",
        age: 15
    }
}

try? response.map(Demo.self, atKeyPath: "data")

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要注意的是这里函数还有一个参数叫做failsOnEmptyData，默认设定为true，如果返回的数据为空，会判定会解析失败。

EndPoint

EndPoint是Moya的半个内部数据结构，由所用的TargetType生成，它最终被用来生成网络请求。 每个EndPoint 都存储了下面的数据:

/// A string representation of the URL for the request.
public let url: String

/// A closure responsible for returning an `EndpointSampleResponse`. (单元测试)
public let sampleResponseClosure: SampleResponseClosure

/// The HTTP method for the request.
public let method: Moya.Method

/// The `Task` for the request.
public let task: Task

/// The HTTP header fields for the request.
public let httpHeaderFields: [String: String]?
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在Provider生成时，可以传入endpointClosure，自定义TargetType到Endpoint的方式。

默认的实现方式：

final class func defaultEndpointMapping(for target: Target) -> Endpoint {
    return Endpoint(
        url: URL(target: target).absoluteString,
        sampleResponseClosure: { .networkResponse(200, target.sampleData) },
        method: target.method,
        task: target.task,
        httpHeaderFields: target.headers
    )
}
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在这里可以重新定义Endpoint的生成方式, 比如：

// 将所有生成Endpoint改为get方式请求
let endpointClosure = { (target: MyTarget) -> Endpoint in
    let url = URL(target: target).absoluteString
    return Endpoint(url: url, sampleResponseClosure: {.networkResponse(200, target.sampleData)}, method: .get, task: target.task)
}
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或者对已经生成的Endpoint修改：

let endpointClosure = { (target: MyTarget) -> Endpoint in
    let defaultEndpoint = MoyaProvider.defaultEndpointMapping(for: target)
    return defaultEndpoint.adding(newHTTPHeaderFields: ["APP_NAME": "MY_AWESOME_APP"])
}
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注意：如果直接对已经初始化的Endpoint修改，只能修改task以及添加header。

Request

在生成Endpoint之后，会从Endpoint再转为URLRequst进行使用。

Moya的默认实现：

RequestResultClosure = (Result<URLRequest, MoyaError>) -> Void

final class func defaultRequestMapping(for endpoint: Endpoint, closure: RequestResultClosure) {
    do {
     let urlRequest = try endpoint.urlRequest()
        closure(.success(urlRequest))
    } catch MoyaError.requestMapping(let url) {
        closure(.failure(MoyaError.requestMapping(url)))
    } catch MoyaError.parameterEncoding(let error) {
        closure(.failure(MoyaError.parameterEncoding(error)))
    } catch {
        closure(.failure(MoyaError.underlying(error, nil)))
    }
}

 public func urlRequest() throws -> URLRequest {
        guard let requestURL = Foundation.URL(string: url) else {
            throw MoyaError.requestMapping(url)
        }

        var request = URLRequest(url: requestURL)
        request.httpMethod = method.rawValue
        request.allHTTPHeaderFields = httpHeaderFields

        switch task {
        case .requestPlain, .uploadFile, .uploadMultipart, .downloadDestination:
            return request
        case .requestData(let data):
            request.httpBody = data
            return request
......
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因为内部已经实现如何生成Request，大多情况不需要修改urlRequest，而是重新定义requestClosure, 对已经生成好的request进行修改，下面是直接修改request的缓存策略，以及错误处理:

let requestClosure = { (endpoint: Endpoint, done: MoyaProvider.RequestResultClosure) in
    do {
        var request = try endpoint.urlRequest()
        request.cachePolicy = .reloadIgnoringCacheData
        done(.success(request))
    } catch {
        done(.failure(MoyaError.underlying(error)))
    }

}
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stubClosure

stubClosure实现：

 /// Do not stub.
final class func neverStub(_: Target) -> Moya.StubBehavior {
    return .never
}

/// Return a response immediately.
final class func immediatelyStub(_: Target) -> Moya.StubBehavior {
    return .immediate
}

/// Return a response after a delay.
final class func delayedStub(_ seconds: TimeInterval) -> (Target) -> Moya.StubBehavior {
    return { _ in return .delayed(seconds: seconds) }
}
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Moya的默认实现是neverStub，当使用immediatelyStub或者是delayedStub，请求网络时就不会走真实的数据，而是返回Target中SimpleData的数据，一般用于测试API返回数据的处理。

delayedStub相对于immediatelyStub指定了延迟时长，单位是秒。

callbackQueue

可以指定网络请求返回之后的callback线程。默认所有的请求将会被Alamofire放入background线程中, callbac将会在主线程中调用。

Manager

public typealias Manager = Alamofire.SessionManager

final class func defaultAlamofireManager() -> Manager {
    let configuration = URLSessionConfiguration.default
    configuration.httpAdditionalHeaders = Manager.defaultHTTPHeaders

    let manager = Manager(configuration: configuration)
    manager.startRequestsImmediately = false
    return manager
}
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Moya中使用的Manager其实就是Alamofire的Manager。

可以设定Timeout,缓存策略等等

let manager: SessionManager = {
    let configuration = defaultURLSessionConfiguration
    configuration.requestCachePolicy = .reloadIgnoringLocalCacheData
    configuration.timeoutIntervalForRequest = 20
    let trustPolicyManager = ServerTrustPolicyManager(policies:
        [
            "www.baidu.com": ServerTrustPolicy.disableEvaluation
        ]
    )
    let manager = SessionManager(configuration: configuration, serverTrustPolicyManager: trustPolicyManager)
    return manager
}()
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Plugins

plugins是遵守了PluginType的插件，一个provider可以方多个Plugin。

PluginType:

public protocol PluginType {
    /// 在发送request之前，还有机会对request修改
    func prepare(_ request: URLRequest, target: TargetType) -> URLRequest

    /// 发送之前调用
    func willSend(_ request: RequestType, target: TargetType)

    /// 接受Response之后，在触发callback之前
    func didReceive(_ result: Result<Moya.Response, MoyaError>, target: TargetType)

    /// 在调用Callback之前，还能修改result
    func process(_ result: Result<Moya.Response, MoyaError>, target: TargetType) -> Result<Moya.Response, MoyaError>
}

public extension PluginType {
    func prepare(_ request: URLRequest, target: TargetType) -> URLRequest { return request }
    func willSend(_ request: RequestType, target: TargetType) { }
    func didReceive(_ result: Result<Moya.Response, MoyaError>, target: TargetType) { }
    func process(_ result: Result<Moya.Response, MoyaError>, target: TargetType) -> Result<Moya.Response, MoyaError> { return result }
}
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在Plugin中可以做很多事情

• 记录网络请求
• 处理隐藏或者显示网络activity progress
• 对request进行更多的处理

比如：

struct TestPlugin: PluginType {
    //  对request进行更多的处理
    func prepare(_ request: URLRequest, target: TargetType) -> URLRequest {
        var request = request
        if target is GitHub {
            request.timeoutInterval = 5
        }
        return request
    }

    // 记录网络请求
    func willSend(_ request: RequestType, target: TargetType) {
        print("start")
        print(request.request?.url ?? "")
    }

    // 记录网络请求
    func didReceive(_ result: Result<Response, MoyaError>, target: TargetType) {
        print("end")
        switch result {
        case .success(let response):
            print("end success")
            print(response.request?.url ?? "")
        case .failure(let error):
            print("end failure")
            print(error)
        }
    }

    // 对返回的result进行修改
    func process(_ result: Result<Response, MoyaError>, target: TargetType) -> Result<Response, MoyaError> {
        if case let .failure(error) = result {
            return .failure(MoyaError.underlying(error, nil))
        }
        return result
    }
}
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Moya也对Logger，activity等提供了默认实现的Plugin，更多细节就不详细说明了。

trackInflights

源码看了半天还是看不明白，希望懂的朋友能告诉我是怎么用的。

MultiTarget

一般场景下，是一个targetType对应一个Provider

let githubProvider = MoyaProvider<GitHub>(stubClosure: MoyaProvider.immediatelyStub, trackInflights: true)
let demoProvider = MoyaProvider<Demo>(stubClosure: MoyaProvider.immediatelyStub, trackInflights: true)
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但是如果像让这个Provider更通用，可以写为：

let commonProvider = MoyaProvider<MultiTarget>()
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调用的时候指定TargetType即可：

commonProvider.request(MultiTarget(GitHub.zen)) { result in
    ...
}
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流程

补一张网上找到的流程图

作者：嘻嘻z
链接：https://juejin.im/post/5d905bc0f265da5b6e0a2b91