Android测试总结
[TOC]
简介
最近整理了Android测试方便的只是，主要涉及代码测试和自动化测试。
代码测试
Junit
Mockito
Mockwebserver
Android自动化测试
Android monkey
Android monkeyrunner
Android UIAutomator
Android Espresso
自动化测试示例
下面示例一个Android项目，就是一个简单的登录页面，依次使用上面介绍的自动化测试方案测试界面。
首先是界面布局:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout android:id="@+id/activity_main"
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:padding="20dp"
tools:context="cn.mycommons.testcase.MainActivity">
<EditText
android:id="@+id/edtUserName"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:hint="Input user name" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/edtPasswd"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:hint="Input password"
android:contentDescription="Input password"
android:inputType="textPassword" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btnLogin"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:text="Login" />
</LinearLayout>
其次是页面代码：
package cn.mycommons.testcase;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
EditText edtUserName;
EditText edtPasswd;
Button btnLogin;
String userName;
String passwd;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
edtUserName = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.edtUserName);
edtPasswd = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.edtPasswd);
btnLogin = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnLogin);
btnLogin.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
userName = edtUserName.getText().toString();
passwd = edtPasswd.getText().toString();
if (check(userName, passwd)) {
doLogin(userName, passwd);
}
}
});
}
boolean check(String userName, String passwd) {
do {
if (userName.length() < 5) {
showToast("User name invalidate");
break;
}
if (passwd.length() < 5) {
showToast("Password invalidate");
break;
}
return true;
} while (false);
return false;
}
void doLogin(String userName, String passwd) {
if ("admin".equals(userName) && "admin".equals(passwd)) {
showToast("Login success");
startActivity(new Intent(this, SuccessActivity.class));
} else {
showToast("Login fail");
}
}
void showToast(String msg) {
Toast.makeText(this, msg, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
Monkey
Monkey只是检查使用下shell命令即可。
adb shell monkey -p cn.mycommons.testcase -v 50000
Monkey Runner
Monkey Runner提供的是一个python文件，然后调用monkeyrunner命令即可。
$ monkeyrunner test_case.py
# Imports the monkeyrunner modules used by this program
from com.android.monkeyrunner import MonkeyRunner, MonkeyDevice
# Connects to the current device, returning a MonkeyDevice object
print 'wait for device connection.'
device = MonkeyRunner.waitForConnection()
print 'connect device success.'
# Takes a screenshot
result = device.takeSnapshot()
print 'takeSnapshot success.'
# Writes the screenshot to a file
result.writeToFile('./test_case1.png','png')
print 'save image to file success.'
# input user name
device.touch(200,380,'DOWN_AND_UP')
print 'touch user name'
for x in xrange(1,100):
device.press("KEYCODE_DEL",'DOWN_AND_UP')
print 'delete user name'
device.type("admin")
print 'input admin to user name'
# input passwd
device.touch(200,500,'DOWN_AND_UP')
print 'touch password'
for x in xrange(1,100):
device.press("KEYCODE_DEL",'DOWN_AND_UP')
print 'delete password'
device.type("admin")
print 'input admin to password'
# press login button
device.touch(200,680,'DOWN_AND_UP')
print 'press login button'
MonkeyRunner.sleep(2)
# Takes a screenshot
result = device.takeSnapshot()
print 'takeSnapshot success.'
# Writes the screenshot to a file
result.writeToFile('./test_case2.png','png')
print 'save image to file success.'
UiAutomator
package cn.mycommons.testcase;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Build;
import android.support.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
import android.support.test.filters.SdkSuppress;
import android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
import android.support.test.uiautomator.By;
import android.support.test.uiautomator.UiDevice;
import android.support.test.uiautomator.UiObject;
import android.support.test.uiautomator.UiObjectNotFoundException;
import android.support.test.uiautomator.UiSelector;
import android.support.test.uiautomator.Until;
import org.hamcrest.Matchers;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
@SdkSuppress(minSdkVersion = Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR2)
public class MainActivityTest {
private static final String BASIC_SAMPLE_PACKAGE = "cn.mycommons.testcase";
private static final int LAUNCH_TIMEOUT = 5000;
private static final String STRING_TO_BE_TYPED = "UiAutomator";
private UiDevice mDevice;
@Before
public void before() {
mDevice = UiDevice.getInstance(InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation());
mDevice.pressHome();
// Wait for launcher
final String launcherPackage = mDevice.getLauncherPackageName();
assertThat(launcherPackage, Matchers.notNullValue());
mDevice.wait(Until.hasObject(By.pkg(launcherPackage).depth(0)), LAUNCH_TIMEOUT);
Context context = InstrumentationRegistry.getContext();
final Intent intent = context.getPackageManager().getLaunchIntentForPackage(BASIC_SAMPLE_PACKAGE);
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TASK);
context.startActivity(intent);
// Wait for the app to appear
mDevice.wait(Until.hasObject(By.pkg(BASIC_SAMPLE_PACKAGE).depth(0)), LAUNCH_TIMEOUT);
}
@Test
public void testLogin1() throws UiObjectNotFoundException {
UiObject login = mDevice.findObject(new UiSelector().text("Login"));
UiObject edtUserName = mDevice.findObject(new UiSelector().text("Input user name"));
UiObject edtPasswd = mDevice.findObject(new UiSelector().descriptionContains("Input password"));
edtUserName.clearTextField();
edtPasswd.clearTextField();
edtUserName.setText("admin");
edtPasswd.setText("admin");
login.click();
mDevice.waitForWindowUpdate(BuildConfig.FLAVOR, 3000);
}
@Test
public void testLogin2() throws UiObjectNotFoundException {
UiObject login = mDevice.findObject(new UiSelector().text("Login"));
UiObject edtUserName = mDevice.findObject(new UiSelector().text("Input user name"));
UiObject edtPasswd = mDevice.findObject(new UiSelector().descriptionContains("Input password"));
edtUserName.clearTextField();
edtPasswd.clearTextField();
edtUserName.setText("");
edtPasswd.setText("");
login.click();
}
@Test
public void testLogin3() throws UiObjectNotFoundException {
UiObject login = mDevice.findObject(new UiSelector().text("Login"));
UiObject edtUserName = mDevice.findObject(new UiSelector().text("Input user name"));
UiObject edtPasswd = mDevice.findObject(new UiSelector().descriptionContains("Input password"));
edtUserName.clearTextField();
edtPasswd.clearTextField();
edtUserName.setText("abc");
edtPasswd.setText("");
login.click();
}
@Test
public void testLogin4() throws UiObjectNotFoundException {
UiObject login = mDevice.findObject(new UiSelector().text("Login"));
UiObject edtUserName = mDevice.findObject(new UiSelector().text("Input user name"));
UiObject edtPasswd = mDevice.findObject(new UiSelector().descriptionContains("Input password"));
edtUserName.clearTextField();
edtPasswd.clearTextField();
edtUserName.setText("");
edtPasswd.setText("abc");
login.click();
}
@Test
public void testLogin5() throws UiObjectNotFoundException {
UiObject login = mDevice.findObject(new UiSelector().text("Login"));
UiObject edtUserName = mDevice.findObject(new UiSelector().text("Input user name"));
UiObject edtPasswd = mDevice.findObject(new UiSelector().descriptionContains("Input password"));
edtUserName.clearTextField();
edtPasswd.clearTextField();
edtUserName.setText("abc");
edtPasswd.setText("abc");
login.click();
}
@Test
public void testLogin6() throws UiObjectNotFoundException {
UiObject login = mDevice.findObject(new UiSelector().text("Login"));
UiObject edtUserName = mDevice.findObject(new UiSelector().text("Input user name"));
UiObject edtPasswd = mDevice.findObject(new UiSelector().descriptionContains("Input password"));
edtUserName.clearTextField();
edtPasswd.clearTextField();
edtUserName.setText("abcedf");
edtPasswd.setText("abc");
login.click();
}
@Test
public void testLogin7() throws UiObjectNotFoundException {
UiObject login = mDevice.findObject(new UiSelector().text("Login"));
UiObject edtUserName = mDevice.findObject(new UiSelector().text("Input user name"));
UiObject edtPasswd = mDevice.findObject(new UiSelector().descriptionContains("Input password"));
edtUserName.clearTextField();
edtPasswd.clearTextField();
edtUserName.setText("abcedf");
edtPasswd.setText("abcedf");
login.click();
}
}
Espressor
package cn.mycommons.testcase;
import android.support.test.espresso.Espresso;
import android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions;
import android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers;
import android.support.test.rule.ActivityTestRule;
import android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
public class MainActivityEspressoTest {
@Rule
public ActivityTestRule<MainActivity> testRule = new ActivityTestRule<>(MainActivity.class);
@Test
public void testLogin() {
Espresso.onView(ViewMatchers.withContentDescription(R.id.edtUserName)).perform(ViewActions.typeText("admin"));
Espresso.onView(ViewMatchers.withId(R.id.edtPasswd)).perform(ViewActions.typeText("admin"));
Espresso.onView(ViewMatchers.withId(R.id.btnLogin)).perform(ViewActions.click());
}
@Test
public void testLogin1() {
Espresso.onView(ViewMatchers.withId(R.id.edtUserName)).perform(ViewActions.typeText(""));
Espresso.onView(ViewMatchers.withId(R.id.edtPasswd)).perform(ViewActions.typeText(""));
Espresso.onView(ViewMatchers.withId(R.id.btnLogin)).perform(ViewActions.click());
}
@Test
public void testLogin2() {
Espresso.onView(ViewMatchers.withId(R.id.edtUserName)).perform(ViewActions.typeText("abc"));
Espresso.onView(ViewMatchers.withId(R.id.edtPasswd)).perform(ViewActions.typeText(""));
Espresso.onView(ViewMatchers.withId(R.id.btnLogin)).perform(ViewActions.click());
}
@Test
public void testLogin3() {
Espresso.onView(ViewMatchers.withId(R.id.edtUserName)).perform(ViewActions.typeText(""));
Espresso.onView(ViewMatchers.withId(R.id.edtPasswd)).perform(ViewActions.typeText("abc"));
Espresso.onView(ViewMatchers.withId(R.id.btnLogin)).perform(ViewActions.click());
}
@Test
public void testLogin4() {
Espresso.onView(ViewMatchers.withId(R.id.edtUserName)).perform(ViewActions.typeText("abc"));
Espresso.onView(ViewMatchers.withId(R.id.edtPasswd)).perform(ViewActions.typeText("abc"));
Espresso.onView(ViewMatchers.withId(R.id.btnLogin)).perform(ViewActions.click());
}
@Test
public void testLogin5() {
Espresso.onView(ViewMatchers.withId(R.id.edtUserName)).perform(ViewActions.typeText("abcdef"));
Espresso.onView(ViewMatchers.withId(R.id.edtPasswd)).perform(ViewActions.typeText("abcdef"));
Espresso.onView(ViewMatchers.withId(R.id.btnLogin)).perform(ViewActions.click());
}
}
自动化测试总结
Monkey
准确来说，这不算是自动化测试，因为其只能产生随机的事件，无法按照既定的步骤操作；Monkeyrunner
优点：操作最为简单，可以录制测试脚本，可视化操作；
缺点：主要生成坐标的自动化操作，移植性不强，功能最为局限，上面代码中已经显示出来，完全使用的数字坐标，移植到另外一个设备，则不能运行。UiAutomator
优点：可以对所有操作进行自动化，操作简单；
缺点：Android版本需要高于4.3，无法根据控件ID操作，相对来说功能较为局限，但也够用了；Espresso
优点：主要针对某一个APK进行自动化测试，APK可以有源码，也可以没有源码，功能强大；
缺点：针对APK操作，因此操作相对复杂；
总结：由上面介绍可以有这样的结论：测试某个APK，可以选择Espresso；测试过程可能涉及多个APK，选择UiAutomator；一些简单的测试，选择Monkeyrunner；
