最近两月计划学习研究下RPC框架。本学习会以Dubbo和Motan为参考,先从RPC原理和一个简单的例子入手。
一、 RPC原理
1. 服务消费方本地调用服务提供方的例子
package com.medici.lorenzo.rpc.stub;
/**
* @author Weimin Sun
*
*/
public interface HelloService {
String hello(String name);
}
package com.medici.lorenzo.rpc.stub;
/**
* @author Weimin Sun
*
*/
public class HelloServiceImpl implements HelloService {
/* (non-Javadoc)
* @see com.medici.lorenzo.easy.HelloService#hello(java.lang.String)
*/
public String hello(String name) {
return "Hello " + name;
}
}
package com.medici.lorenzo.rpc.stub;
import com.medici.lorenzo.rpc.easy.HelloService;
import com.medici.lorenzo.rpc.easy.HelloServiceImpl;
/**
* @author Weimin Sun
*
*/
public class LocalInvoke {
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
HelloService helloService = new HelloServiceImpl();
helloService.hello("Hello World!");
}
}
2. 调用远程服务
如果服务部署在不同机器,服务间的调用就要网络通信过程,服务消费方每调用一个服务都要写网络通信相关代码,不仅复杂而且极易出错。那么有没有一种方式能像调用本地服务一样调用远程服务,而让调用者对网络通信这些细节透明,比如服务消费方在执行helloService.hello(“Hello World!”)时,实质上调用的是远端的服务。
答案就是RPC,看一下其调用流程:
- 服务消费方(client)调用以本地调用方式调用服务;
- client stub接收到调用后负责将方法、参数等组装成能够进行网络传输的消息体;
- client stub找到服务地址,并将消息发送到服务端;
- server stub收到消息后进行解码;
- server stub根据解码结果调用本地的服务;
- 本地服务执行并将结果返回给server stub;
- server stub将返回结果打包成消息并发送至消费方;
- client stub接收到消息,并进行解码;
- 服务消费方得到结果。
下面把上面的本地调用改造一下,可以用来远程调用:
package com.medici.lorenzo.rpc.stub;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
import java.net.Socket;
/**
* @author Weimin Sun
*
*/
public class RpcProxyClient implements java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler{
public RpcProxyClient(){
}
/**
* 得到被代理对象;
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static <T> T getProxy(final Class<T> interfaceClass){
return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(interfaceClass.getClassLoader(),
new Class<?>[] {interfaceClass}, new RpcProxyClient());
}
/**
* 调用此方法执行
*/
@Override
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
int port = 3456;
Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", port);
try {
ObjectOutputStream output = new ObjectOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
try {
output.writeUTF(method.getName());
output.writeObject(method.getParameterTypes());
output.writeObject(args);
ObjectInputStream input = new ObjectInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
try {
Object result = input.readObject();
if (result instanceof Throwable) {
throw (Throwable) result;
}
return result;
} finally {
input.close();
}
} finally {
output.close();
}
} finally {
socket.close();
}
}
}
/**
*
*/
package com.medici.lorenzo.rpc.stub;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import com.medici.lorenzo.rpc.easy.HelloService;
import com.medici.lorenzo.rpc.easy.HelloServiceImpl;
/**
* @author Weimin Sun
*
*/
public class RemoteServiceStub {
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
int port = 3456;
ServerSocket server;
try {
server = new ServerSocket(port);
for(;;) {
try {
final Socket socket = server.accept();
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
try {
ObjectInputStream input = new ObjectInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
try {
String methodName = input.readUTF();
Class<?>[] parameterTypes = (Class<?>[])input.readObject();
Object[] arguments = (Object[])input.readObject();
ObjectOutputStream output = new ObjectOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
try {
HelloService service = new HelloServiceImpl();
Method method = service.getClass().getMethod(methodName, parameterTypes);
Object result = method.invoke(service, arguments);
output.writeObject(result);
} catch (Throwable t) {
output.writeObject(t);
} finally {
output.close();
}
} finally {
input.close();
}
} finally {
socket.close();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}).start();
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
} catch (IOException e1) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e1.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
/**
*
*/
package com.medici.lorenzo.rpc.stub;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import com.medici.lorenzo.rpc.easy.HelloService;
/**
* @author Weimin Sun
*
*/
public class RemoteInvoke {
/**
* @param args
* @throws InterruptedException
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
HelloService helloService = (HelloService)RpcProxyClient.getProxy(HelloService.class);
for (int i = 0; i < Integer.MAX_VALUE; i ++) {
String hello = helloService.hello("Hello World" + i);
System.out.println(hello);
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
}
}
这些代码已实现了简单的远程调用服务的功能,下面再把编码和解码,通讯代码放在一起,就是下面的实现。
二、 简单RPC
1 核心框架
package com.medici.lorenzo.rpc.easy;
/**
* @author Weimin Sun
*
*/
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class RpcFramework {
/**
* 暴露服务
*
* @param service 服务实现
* @param port 服务端口
* @throws Exception
*/
public static void export(final Object service, int port) throws Exception {
if (service == null)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("service instance == null");
if (port <= 0 || port > 65535)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid port " + port);
System.out.println("Export service " + service.getClass().getName() + " on port " + port);
ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(port);
for(;;) {
try {
final Socket socket = server.accept();
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
try {
ObjectInputStream input = new ObjectInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
try {
String methodName = input.readUTF();
Class<?>[] parameterTypes = (Class<?>[])input.readObject();
Object[] arguments = (Object[])input.readObject();
ObjectOutputStream output = new ObjectOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
try {
Method method = service.getClass().getMethod(methodName, parameterTypes);
Object result = method.invoke(service, arguments);
output.writeObject(result);
} catch (Throwable t) {
output.writeObject(t);
} finally {
output.close();
}
} finally {
input.close();
}
} finally {
socket.close();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}).start();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
/**
* 引用服务
*
* @param <T> 接口泛型
* @param interfaceClass 接口类型
* @param host 服务器主机名
* @param port 服务器端口
* @return 远程服务
* @throws Exception
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static <T> T refer(final Class<T> interfaceClass, final String host, final int port) throws Exception {
if (interfaceClass == null)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Interface class == null");
if (! interfaceClass.isInterface())
throw new IllegalArgumentException("The " + interfaceClass.getName() + " must be interface class!");
if (host == null || host.length() == 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Host == null!");
if (port <= 0 || port > 65535)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid port " + port);
System.out.println("Get remote service " + interfaceClass.getName() + " from server " + host + ":" + port);
return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(interfaceClass.getClassLoader(), new Class<?>[] {interfaceClass}, new InvocationHandler() {
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] arguments) throws Throwable {
Socket socket = new Socket(host, port);
try {
ObjectOutputStream output = new ObjectOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
try {
output.writeUTF(method.getName());
output.writeObject(method.getParameterTypes());
output.writeObject(arguments);
ObjectInputStream input = new ObjectInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
try {
Object result = input.readObject();
if (result instanceof Throwable) {
throw (Throwable) result;
}
return result;
} finally {
input.close();
}
} finally {
output.close();
}
} finally {
socket.close();
}
}
});
}
}
2 定义服务接口
package com.medici.lorenzo.rpc.easy;
/**
* @author Weimin Sun
*
*/
public interface HelloService {
String hello(String name);
}
3 实现服务
package com.medici.lorenzo.rpc.easy;
/**
* @author Weimin Sun
*
*/
public class HelloServiceImpl implements HelloService {
/* (non-Javadoc)
* @see com.medici.lorenzo.easy.HelloService#hello(java.lang.String)
*/
public String hello(String name) {
return "Hello " + name;
}
}
4 暴露服务
package com.medici.lorenzo.rpc.easy;
/**
* @author Weimin Sun
*
*/
public class RpcProvider {
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
HelloService service = new HelloServiceImpl();
RpcFramework.export(service, 1234);
}
}
5 引用服务
package com.medici.lorenzo.rpc.easy;
/**
* @author Weimin Sun
*
*/
public class RpcConsumer {
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
HelloService service = RpcFramework.refer(HelloService.class, "127.0.0.1", 1234);
for (int i = 0; i < Integer.MAX_VALUE; i ++) {
String hello = service.hello("World" + i);
System.out.println(hello);
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
}
}
本例的思路:
- 使用阻塞的socket IO流来进行server(rpc应用中服务提供方)和client(服务消费方)的通信。
- 并且是端对端的,用端口号来直接进行通信。
- 方法的远程调用使用的是jdk的动态代理
- 参数的序列化也是使用的最简单的objectStream。
如果是rpc框架会对上面的实现方式进行替换升级,采用可用易扩展,更适宜分布式场景的中间件技术来替换。
- 用netty的nio特性达到非阻塞的通信,
- 使用zookeeper或其它产品统一管理服务注册与发现,解决了端对端不灵活的劣势。
- 代理方式有cglib字节码技术。
- 序列化方式有hession2,fastjson等。
- rpc框架要解决的不仅仅是技术层面的问题,还要考虑重试机制,超时配置,性能统计等…
代码:最简RPC例子