#Initializing a Repository in an Existing Directory
$ git init
#Cloning an Existing Repository
$ git clone https://github.com/libgit2/libgit2
#Cloning an Existing Repository with another name
$ git clone https://github.com/libgit2/libgit2 mylibgit
$ git status
#short status
$ git status -s
$ cat .gitignore
The rules for the patterns you can put in the .gitignore file are as follows:
Blank lines or lines starting with # are ignored.
Standard glob patterns work.
You can start patterns with a forward slash (/) to avoid recursivity.
You can end patterns with a forward slash (/) to specify a directory.
You can negate a pattern by starting it with an exclamation point (!).
# no .a files
*.a
# but do track lib.a, even though you're ignoring .a files above
!lib.a
# only ignore the TODO file in the current directory, not subdir/TODO
/TODO
# ignore all files in the build/ directory
build/
# ignore doc/notes.txt, but not doc/server/arch.txt
doc/*.txt
# ignore all .pdf files in the doc/ directory
doc/**/*.pdf
#see changes not yet staged
$ git diff
#see changes have staged
$ git diff --staged
#commit changes
$ git commit
#commit with commit message inline
$ git commit -m "commit messages"
#commit to skip the staging area,for the traced files
$ git commit -a -m "commit messages"
#remove a file from Git,also remove it from working directory
$ git rm README.md
#remove a file from Git,keep it in working directory
$ git rm --cached README.md
#You can pass files, directories, and file-glob patterns to the git rm command.
$ git rm log/\*.log
#rename a file
$ git mv file_from file_to
#this is equivalent to running something like this:
$ mv README.md README
$ git rm README.md
$ git add README
#view the commit history
$ git log
#-p shows the difference, -2 limits the output to last two entries:
$git log -p -2
#--stat display what happened,see abbreviated stats for each commit
$ git log --stat
# --pretty,changes the log output to formats other than the default.
$ git log --pretty=oneline
# format, specify you own log output format.
$ git log --pretty=format:"%h - %an, %ar: %s"
# --graph,adds a nice little ASCII graph showing
$ git log --pretty=format:"%h %s" --graph
#limit log output
$ git log --since=2.weeks
#see which commits modifying test files in the Git source code history are merged and were committed by Junio Hamano in the month of October 2008
$ git log --pretty="%h - %s" --author=gitster --since="2008-10-01" \
--before="2008-11-01" --no-merges -- t/
| Option |
Description |
| -(n) |
Show only the last n commits |
| --since, --after |
Limit the commits to those made after the specified date. |
| --until, --before |
Limit the commits to those made before the specified date. |
| --author |
Only show commits in which the author entry matches the specified string. |
| --committer |
Only show commits in which the committer entry matches the specified string. |
| --grep |
Only show commits with a commit message containing the string |
| -S |
Only show commits adding or removing code matching the string |
# --amend,amend to the last commit
$ git commit --amend
#unstaging a staged file
$ git reset HEAD <file>....
#unmodify a modified file
$ git checkout -- <file>...
#list remotes
$ git remote
$ git remote -v
#add remote repository
$ git remote add pb https://github.com/paulboone/ticgit
#fetch from remote
$ git fetch pb
#push to remote
$ git push origin master
#inspect a remote
$ git remote show origin
#rename and remove
$ git remote rename pb paul
$ git remote rm paul
#list your tags
$ git tag
#search tags
$ git tag -l "v1.8.5*"
#create a tag
$ git tag -a v1.4 -m "my version 1.4"
#show a tag
$ git show v1.4
#push tag
$ git push origin [tagname]
#push all tags
$ git push origin --tags
#checkout tags
$ git checkout -b [branchname] [tagname]
