为什么使用倒装?
恰当的使用倒装句,可以
- 强调语气
- 增强清楚性和简洁性
- 更流畅的衔接前后的句子
一. 比较级的倒装
比较 级的句型通常会涉及到两个从句的相互比较。这两个从句间应有重复的部分才能比较。一旦有重复的部分,就有省略的空间。但如果省略不当,就有可能导致句子存在二义性。
特点
- 主语从句中的助动词或be动词不宜省略
- 主语后面有较长的修饰语
分析
- Girls like cats more than boys.
boys可能做主语,也可能做宾语,存在二义性。 - Girls like cats more than boys do.(做主语)
- Girls like cats more than they like boys.(做宾语)
- Girls like cats more than do boys, who as a rule are a cruel a lot.
当后面存在修饰boys的句子的时候,为表达句子的清楚性,有要保持后面的定语从句紧挨现行词,就要使用倒装。
二. 假设语气的倒装
特点
在假设语气的副词从句中(往往由if引导),如果有be动词或者助动词,可以考虑倒装。加强简洁性。
分析
- If I had been there,I could do something to help.(如果当时我在场,就能帮的上忙。)
- Had I been there,I could have do something to help.(加强了简洁性。)
三. 引用句的倒装
特点
直接引句和间接引句都可以使用倒装来突出重点。
分析
- The police said,"None was killed in the accident."(直接引语)
警方说:“这场车祸无人死亡“。 - “None was killed in the accident.” said the police.
大家关心的是police说的话,而不是具体谁说的,使用倒装可以对说的事情起强调作用。
四. 地点副词
特点
地点副词放在句首,类似于there is/are的句型。修辞功能上在于强调语气、衔接上下文。
例句
- There goes the train.(你看,车开走了)
强调了动词goes,表示“正在开走”。 - Here is your ticket for the opera!(你的歌剧票,拿去吧!)
- In Loch Ness dwells a mysterious monster。(尼斯湖里住着一头神秘的水怪。)
在文章The longest suspension bridge in the world里:
He discribed it as a very agreeable situation located within two small hill in the midst of which flowed a great river。
这里使用了倒装,正常语序应该是A great river flowed in the midst of which...
which引导一个定于从句,指代前面的two small hill。
五. 否定副词开头的倒装
特点
如果把表示否定意味的副词(not, never, hardly)挪到句首,就得使用倒装。不同的语序,强调点不一样。
分析
We don't have such luck every day.
我们不是每天都有这种运气。Not every day do we have such luck.
(强调“不是每一天”)I will not stop waiting for you until you are married.
除非你结婚,否则我会一直等你。Not until you are married will I stop waiting for you.
注意
形成not only...but also ...的相关词组时,严格要求连接的对称。
- Not only did he pass the exam but also scored at the top.(错误示例)
前半句的倒装是对的,错在but后面的成分与前面的不对等。左边he passed the exam 是从句,而右边的scored at the top 却是动词短语。