第26天，Django之include本质

<a href="{% url 'news-year-archive' 2012 %}">2012 Archive</a>   # 注意模版语言的用法，注意参数的传递方法
{# Or with the year in a template context variable: #}
<ul>
{% for yearvar in year_list %}
<li><a href="{% url 'news-year-archive' yearvar %}">{{ yearvar }} Archive</a></li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>

views.py视图函数：

from django.urls import reverse
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect

def redirect_to_year(request):
    # ...
    year = 2006
    # ...注意参数的传递方法
    return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('news-year-archive', args=(year,)))

二、include路由转发

通常，我们会在每个app里，各自创建一个urls.py路由模块，然后从根路由出发，将app所属的url请求，全部转发到相应的urls.py模块中。

创建两个app：cmdb和openstack，并分别在这两个app目录下创建urls.py文件

from django.conf.urls import url,include    
    # 需要先导入include函数
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [
    # url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^cmdb/',include('cmdb.urls')),
    url(r'^openstack/',include('openstack.urls')),
]

传递额外的参数给include()

参数会传递给include指向的urlconf中的每一行,例如，下面两种URLconf配置方式在功能上完全相同：

配置一：

# main.py
from django.conf.urls import include, url

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^blog/', include('inner'), {'blogid': 3}),
]

# inner.py
from django.conf.urls import url
from mysite import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^archive/$', views.archive),
    url(r'^about/$', views.about),
]

配置二：

# main.py
from django.conf.urls import include, url
from mysite import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^blog/', include('inner')),
]

# inner.py
from django.conf.urls import url

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^archive/$', views.archive, {'blogid': 3}),
    url(r'^about/$', views.about, {'blogid': 3}),
]

注意，只有当你确定被include的URLconf中的每个视图都接收你传递给它们的额外的参数时才有意义，否则其中一个以上视图不接收该参数都将导致错误异常。

三、URL命名空间

URL命名空间可以保证反查到唯一的URL。

urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url,include

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^cmdb/',include('cmdb.urls',namespace='cmdb')),
    url(r'^openstack/',include('openstack.urls',namespace='openstack')),
]

cmdb/urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url
from cmdb import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'host/',views.host,name='host'),
]

在模板中使用：

<a href="{% url 'cmdb:host' %}">跳转</a>

在视图中利用reverse()函数反向生成url

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect
from django.urls import reverse
def host(request):
    url = reverse('cmdb:host')
    print(url)      # 打印结果：/cmdb/host/
    return HttpResponse('cmdb.host')

注意：namespace与name在模板文件和视图函数中使用的时候要用冒号分隔，如：“cmdb:host”

四、include()本质

include()函数实际上就是返回一个元组：([], None, None)
第一个元素可以是一个列表，列表中盛放url()子路由配置；
第二个元素是app_name，可以为None;
第三个元素是namespace，需要反向生成url时，可根据需求填写；

所以urls.py也可以这样写：

from django.conf.urls import url

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^openstack/',([],None,None,),
]

直接用一个元组替代include()

如下，直接进行子路由分发：

from django.conf.urls import url,include
from cmdb import views as cviews
from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [
    # url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^index/',views.index,name='index'),
    url(r'^cmdb/',include('cmdb.urls',namespace='cmdb')),
    # url(r'^openstack/',include('openstack.urls',namespace='openstack')),
    url(r'^openstack/',([
        url(r'^host/',cviews.host,name='host'),
        url(r'^host/add/',cviews.addhost,name='addhost'),
        url(r'^host/(\d+)/change',cviews.changehost,name='changehost'),
    ],None,'openstack')),
]

以上元组中的'openstack'，就相当于include()函数的namespace='openstack'。

第26天，Django之include本质

第26天，Django之include本质

目录

一、 URL name详解

向视图传递额外的参数

利用reverse函数反向生成URL

对有参数的url设置name

二、include路由转发

传递额外的参数给include()

三、URL命名空间

四、include()本质