知名多媒体开发者/VideoLAN的主席Jean-Baptiste Kempf在FOSDEM 2023上做了一个演讲, 回顾了 FFmpeg 5.0/5.1版本的改进,并对 FFmpeg 6.0 新版本中的内容进行了分享,还对 VLC 及其依赖项使用 wasm 编译到 Web 浏览器,并使用 Webcodecs 解码视频进行了演示。其中我比较关注的是关于FFmpeg的部分,尤其是关于FFmpeg CLI multithreading(FFmpeg命令行工具多线程化)的部分*
参考:https://fosdem.org/2023/schedule/event/om_vlc/
B站带字幕视频分享:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV19o4y1Y7W6/
关于FOSDEM
FOSDEM(Free and Open source Software Developers' European Meeting,自由和开源软件开发者欧洲会议) 是一个非商业的、由志愿者组织的欧洲活动,以自由和开源软件开为中心。它面向开发人员和任何对自由和开源软件运动感兴趣的人。它旨在使开发人员能够满足并促进对自由和开源软件的认识和使用。FOSDEM 每年举办一次,通常在二月的第一个周末,地点在比利时布鲁塞尔东南部的布鲁塞尔自由大学。
1. 为什么要在FOSDEM 2023上做这个演讲呢?
Jean-Bapiste提到FFmepg作为多媒体领域开源和云转码都在普遍使用的工具,在FOSDEM上竟然没过相关的讨论。另外即使在 Hacker News 上发布 FFmpeg 新版本时,也不是头条的新闻。
这意味着我们做错了什么,关于FFmpeg 的沟通不够,所以我来了。
2. 谈谈 FFmpeg 5.0
一年前发布的FFmpeg 5.0很重要,FFmpeg 5.0可能是FFmpeg有史以来对API破坏最大的版本,移除了很多废弃的API。
Changes
● Avcodec encoding+decoding change
○ Audio & Video single API
○ Decoupled codec input & output
○ Encoders to output data into user-managed buffers
● AVFrame based API in swscale
● New bitstream filtering API
○ allows modifying encoded data without decoding it (e.g. analyzers)
Changes - 2
● Disentangled avformat and avcodec
○ Demuxers no longer embed an entire decoder context
● Frames and packets always reference-counted
● Slice-threaded scaling in swscale
● IMF demuxing
● Dolby Vision metadata
● Hardware-accelerated ProRes and VP9 decoding on MacOS
○ Hardware-accelerated ProRes encoding
● libplacebo
● Numerous filters and game decoders
旧的编解码的API
// decoding single video packet in old API
while (pkt->size > 0) {
//decode pkt into frame, consumes <ret> bytes
int ret = avcodec_decode_video2(dec, pkt, frame, &got_output);
if (got_output)
<proces output>
// need to manually offset the buffer
pkt->data += ret;
pkt->size -= ret;
}
新的编解码的API
// decoding single video packet in new API
avcodec_send_packet(dec, pkt);
ret = 0;
while (ret >= 0) {
ret = avcodec_receive_frame(dec, frame);
if (ret < 0)
break;
<process frame>
}
3. FFmpeg5.1(2022年7月发布)的一些修改
FFmpeg5.1 是一个LTS(Long Term Support,长期支持)的版本。
FFmpeg 5.1 "Riemann" (summer 2022)
Release
● 130 contributors, ~3k files changed, ~150kLoC touched
● LTS
Changes
● New more flexible and extensible channel layout API
● Expanded fuzzing coverage
● VDPAU-accelerated AV1 decoding
● SIMD optimization for HEVC on ARM64
● JPEG-XL decoding
● Enhanced support for SVT-AV1 encoding options
● Numerous fixes (and new filters)
音频channel layouts API的修改
Channel Layouts API
● Developed since 2013…
○ Did not make it for 5.0
● Arbitrary number of channels in a layout (Previously only 64)
● Support for Ambisonics and NGA
● Conceptually a list of channels
● flexible internal representation
○ unspecified ordering
○ mask-based ordering (same as the old API, WAVEFORMATEX-compatible)
○ fixed-order ambisonics
○ explicit list of channels (allows edge cases like dual-mono)
4. FFmpeg 6.0(预计2023年冬天发布)
ongoing
● 191 contributors, ~3.5k files changed, ~220kLoC touched
● Numerous API changes (and break)
Current Changes
● FFmpeg CLI multithreading (WIP), muxers
● RISC-V optimizations
● AV1 hw decoding for Intel, nVidia & AMD
● New highly-optimized FFT code with SIMD for x86 and ARM
● new API for output of reconstructed frames from encoders (currently implemented
for x264 and libaom)
● API breaks for deprecations, numerous YUV pix_fmt changes, AVFrame, opacification, channel layouts, H.274
Current Hardware Changes
● AV1 hw decoding for Intel, nVidia & AMD
● Hardware-friendly high bit-depth and chroma-resolution pixel formats
● Android MediaCodec though NDKMediaCodec
● Android MediaCodec encoders
● Intel 10/12 4:2:2 & 4:4:4 with VAAPI and QSV + Filters
Codecs
● New Decoders: Bonk, APAC, APAC, Mi-SC4, 100i, VQC, FTR
PHM, WBMP, XMD ADPCM, WADY DPCM, CBD2 DPCM
● New Filters: adrc, afdelaysr, showcwt, a3dscope
Ssim360, corr, backgroundkey
● dts2pts bitstream filter: generate timestamps for raw H.264 (extensible to HEVC
and other codecs
FFmpeg命令行工具的多线程化
FFmpeg CLI multithreading
● FFmpeg CLI is used everywhere
○ very flexible
○ architecture still based on the original code from 2000
● Major architectural changes needed
○ code maintainable
○ efficient one-to-many transcoding
○ gathering metrics
● Every component in the transcoding pipeline
(demuxing, decoding, filtering, encoding, muxing) will run in its
own thread
● Improves latency and new use cases
- 主要变化之一也是我们见过的最困难的事情之一是多线程 FFmpeg CLI。
- YouTube、Vimeo 和 Facebook 的所有大人物,以及所有 FFmpeg 漂亮 UI 的提供者,他们基本都会抱怨的一件事是 FFmpeg 缺乏多线程。所以,他们发明了很多奇怪的框架来做到这一点,所以有很多工作可以直接在 FFmpeg 中完成。
- 它会持续一整年,我认为是整个 2023 年,但这意味着很多东西会更好用。当然,这样做时,需要真正关心线程安全和清理,所以清理工作量很大。
- 5.0 所做了一部分工作,是实现了muxer现在在它们自己的线程中工作。
5. 关于FFmpeg新版本release的节奏
● One major per year ABI/API breakage
● One or two minor per year, with no API changes
● Small security releases regularly
● One LTS every 2 year
FOSDEM 2023会议关于open media的更多演讲请移步 https://fosdem.org/2023/schedule/track/open_media/