Reversal ls the Movement of Tao
反者道之动
Before considering the difference between these two schools, let us first take up a theory which both of them maintained.
在比较儒道两家的不同思想之前，让我们先看一下两家共同的一种理论思想，
This is that both in the sphere of nature and in that of man, when the development of anything brings it to one extreme, a reversal to the other extreme takes place; that is, to borrow an expression from Hegel, everything involves its own negation.
就是都注意到，无论在自然和人生的领域里，任何事物发展到极端，就有一种趋向，朝反方向的另一极端移动。借用黑格尔的哲学术语，任何事物都包含了对它自己的否定。
This is one of the main theses of Lao Tzu's philosophy and also that of the Book of Changes as interpreted by the Confucianists.
这是老子哲学思想的一个主题，也是儒家阐发《易经》时的一个主题。
It was no doubt inspired by the movements of the sun and moon and the succession of the four seasons, to which farmers must pay particular heed in order to carry on their own work.
它无疑受到太阳、月亮运行和四季嬗替的启发。对农民来说，注意这些自然变化是农业生产的必需。
heed，英 [hiːd]，美 [hid]
n. 注意到；留心到
vt. 注意，留心
vi. 注意，留心
In the Appendices of the Book of Changes , it is said: "When the cold goes, the warmth comes, and when the warmth comes, the cold goes." (Appendix Ill.)
在“易传”中说：“寒往则暑来，暑往则寒来。”（《系辞下》）
And again: "When the sun has reached its meridian, it declines, and when the moon has become full, it wanes." (Appendix I.)
又说：“日中则昃，月盈则食。”（《丰卦·彖辞》）
meridian，英 [mə'rɪdɪən]，美 [mə'rɪdɪən]
n. [天] 子午线，[天] 经线；顶点
adj. 子午线的；最高点的
Such movements are referred to in the Appendices as "returning."
“易传”中称这样的运动为“复”，
Thus Appendix I says: "In returning we see the mind of Heaven and Earth."
《复卦·象辞》说：“复，其见天地之心乎？”
Similarly in the Lao-tzu we find the words: "Reversal is the movement of the Tao." (Ch. 40.)
在《道德经》第四十章，我们也读到类似的话，说：“反者道之动。”
反者道之动，弱者道之用。
This theory has had a great effect upon the Chinese people and has contributed much to their success in overcoming the many difficulties which they have encountered in their long history.
这个理论对中华民族有巨大的影响，帮助中华民族在漫长的历史中克服了无数的困难。
Convinced of this theory, they remain cautious even in time of prosperity, and hopeful even in time of extreme danger.
中国人深信这个理论，因此经常提醒自己要“居安思危”；另一方面，即使处于极端困难之中，也不失望。
be convinced of sth，信服于。。。
好句子：对仗工整，cautious even in time of prosperity, and hopeful even in time of extreme danger.
In the late war, the concept provided the Chinese people with a sort of psychological weapon, so that even in its darkest period, most people lived on the hope which was expressed in the phrase: "The dawn will soon come."
在刚结束不久的抗日战争中，这种希望成为中国民众的心理武器，即使处于最黑暗的时期，还深信：“黎明即将到来。”
It was this "will to believe" that helped the Chinese people to go through the war.
正是由这种信仰形成的意志帮助中国人民度过了这场战争。
This theory has also provided the principal argument for the doctrine of the golden mean, favored by Confucianist and Taoist alike.
这个理论还对儒家和道家都主张的中庸之道提供了主要论据。
principal，英 ['prɪnsəp(ə)l]，美 ['prɪnsəpl]
adj. 主要的；资本的
n. 首长；校长；资本；当事人
the doctrine of the golden mean,中庸之道
"Never too much" has been the maxim of both.
“不为已甚”、 “毋太过”成为儒道两家共同的格言。
For according to it, it is better for one to be wrong by having too little, than to be wrong by having too much, and to be wrong by leaving things undone, than to be wrong by overdoing them.
“过犹不及”，但处事宁愿不及，也不要过甚，
For by having too much and overdoing, one runs the risk of getting the opposite of what one wants.
因为行事过分，就将适得其反。
From YLYK《中国哲学的故事》专辑S02E04
