一、JDK SPI
1、jdk spi是什么?
全称:Service Provider Interface.
2、有什么作用?
- 为Interface自动寻找实现类;
- 详解:标准制定者制定Interface,不同厂商根据Interface进行不同实现,并将实现类全路径放在<classpath:META-INF/services/全接口名称>下
3、使用demo
3.1 定义标准接口
//win.yulongsun.demo.spring.jdkspi.spi.HelloSPIInterface
public interface HelloSPIInterface {
public void sayHello();
}
3.2 具体实现1
//win.yulongsun.demo.spring.jdkspi.impl.HelloAImpl
public class HelloAImpl implements HelloSPIInterface {
@Override
public void sayHello() {
System.out.printf("say a");
}
}
3.3 具体实现2
//win.yulongsun.demo.spring.jdkspi.impl.HelloBImpl
public class HelloBImpl implements HelloSPIInterface{
@Override
public void sayHello() {
System.out.println("say b");
}
}
3.4 配置<接口,实现类>
在classpath:META-INF/services/下新建
win.yulongsun.demo.spring.jdkspi.spi.HelloSPIInterface //=>全接口名称
内容为:
#具体实现类1
win.yulongsun.demo.spring.jdkspi.impl.HelloAImpl
#具体实现类2
win.yulongsun.demo.spring.jdkspi.impl.HelloBImpl
3.5 测试
public class HelloSPITestCase {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServiceLoader<HelloSPIInterface> helloSPIInterfaces = ServiceLoader.load(HelloSPIInterface.class);
for (HelloSPIInterface item : helloSPIInterfaces) {
item.sayHello();
}
}
}
4、SPI的缺点
SPI在查找具体实现的时候,会先遍历实例化所有实现,然后循环找需要的实现。实现了没有必要实现的实例;
二、扩展:JDK SPI 源码分析之ServiceLoader
//ServiceLoader实现了Iterable接口,可以遍历所有的服务实现者
public final class ServiceLoader<S> implements Iterable<S>
{
//查找配置文件的目录
private static final String PREFIX = "META-INF/services/";
//表示要被加载的服务的类或接口
private final Class<S> service;
//这个ClassLoader用来定位,加载,实例化服务提供者
private final ClassLoader loader;
// 访问控制上下文
private final AccessControlContext acc;
// 缓存已经被实例化的服务提供者,按照实例化的顺序存储
private LinkedHashMap<String,S> providers = new LinkedHashMap<>();
// 迭代器
private LazyIterator lookupIterator;
//重新加载,就相当于重新创建ServiceLoader了,用于新的服务提供者安装到正在运行的Java虚拟机中的情况。
public void reload() {
//清空缓存中所有已实例化的服务提供者
providers.clear();
//新建一个迭代器,该迭代器会从头查找和实例化服务提供者
lookupIterator = new LazyIterator(service, loader);
}
//私有构造器
//使用指定的类加载器和服务创建服务加载器
//如果没有指定类加载器,使用系统类加载器,就是应用类加载器。
private ServiceLoader(Class<S> svc, ClassLoader cl) {
service = Objects.requireNonNull(svc, "Service interface cannot be null");
loader = (cl == null) ? ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader() : cl;
acc = (System.getSecurityManager() != null) ? AccessController.getContext() : null;
reload();
}
//解析失败处理的方法
private static void fail(Class<?> service, String msg, Throwable cause)
throws ServiceConfigurationError
{
throw new ServiceConfigurationError(service.getName() + ": " + msg,cause);
}
private static void fail(Class<?> service, String msg)
throws ServiceConfigurationError
{
throw new ServiceConfigurationError(service.getName() + ": " + msg);
}
private static void fail(Class<?> service, URL u, int line, String msg)
throws ServiceConfigurationError
{
fail(service, u + ":" + line + ": " + msg);
}
//解析服务提供者配置文件中的一行
//首先去掉注释校验,然后保存
//返回下一行行号
//重复的配置项和已经被实例化的配置项不会被保存
private int parseLine(Class<?> service, URL u, BufferedReader r, int lc,
List<String> names)
throws IOException, ServiceConfigurationError
{
//读取一行
String ln = r.readLine();
if (ln == null) {
return -1;
}
//#号代表注释行
int ci = ln.indexOf('#');
if (ci >= 0) ln = ln.substring(0, ci);
ln = ln.trim();
int n = ln.length();
if (n != 0) {
if ((ln.indexOf(' ') >= 0) || (ln.indexOf('\t') >= 0))
fail(service, u, lc, "Illegal configuration-file syntax");
int cp = ln.codePointAt(0);
if (!Character.isJavaIdentifierStart(cp))
fail(service, u, lc, "Illegal provider-class name: " + ln);
for (int i = Character.charCount(cp); i < n; i += Character.charCount(cp)) {
cp = ln.codePointAt(i);
if (!Character.isJavaIdentifierPart(cp) && (cp != '.'))
fail(service, u, lc, "Illegal provider-class name: " + ln);
}
if (!providers.containsKey(ln) && !names.contains(ln))
names.add(ln);
}
return lc + 1;
}
//解析配置文件,解析指定的url配置文件
//使用parseLine方法进行解析,未被实例化的服务提供者会被保存到缓存中去
private Iterator<String> parse(Class<?> service, URL u)
throws ServiceConfigurationError
{
InputStream in = null;
BufferedReader r = null;
ArrayList<String> names = new ArrayList<>();
try {
in = u.openStream();
r = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in, "utf-8"));
int lc = 1;
while ((lc = parseLine(service, u, r, lc, names)) >= 0);
}
return names.iterator();
}
//服务提供者查找的迭代器
private class LazyIterator implements Iterator<S>
{
Class<S> service;//服务提供者接口
ClassLoader loader;//类加载器
Enumeration<URL> configs = null;//保存实现类的url
Iterator<String> pending = null;//保存实现类的全名
String nextName = null;//迭代器中下一个实现类的全名
private LazyIterator(Class<S> service, ClassLoader loader) {
this.service = service;
this.loader = loader;
}
private boolean hasNextService() {
if (nextName != null) {
return true;
}
if (configs == null) {
try {
String fullName = PREFIX + service.getName();
if (loader == null)
configs = ClassLoader.getSystemResources(fullName);
else
configs = loader.getResources(fullName);
}
}
while ((pending == null) || !pending.hasNext()) {
if (!configs.hasMoreElements()) {
return false;
}
pending = parse(service, configs.nextElement());
}
nextName = pending.next();
return true;
}
private S nextService() {
if (!hasNextService())
throw new NoSuchElementException();
String cn = nextName;
nextName = null;
Class<?> c = null;
try {
c = Class.forName(cn, false, loader);
}
if (!service.isAssignableFrom(c)) {
fail(service, "Provider " + cn + " not a subtype");
}
try {
//注意:实例化
S p = service.cast(c.newInstance());
providers.put(cn, p);
return p;
}
}
public boolean hasNext() {
if (acc == null) {
return hasNextService();
} else {
PrivilegedAction<Boolean> action = new PrivilegedAction<Boolean>() {
public Boolean run() { return hasNextService(); }
};
return AccessController.doPrivileged(action, acc);
}
}
public S next() {
if (acc == null) {
return nextService();
} else {
PrivilegedAction<S> action = new PrivilegedAction<S>() {
public S run() { return nextService(); }
};
return AccessController.doPrivileged(action, acc);
}
}
public void remove() {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
}
//获取迭代器
//返回遍历服务提供者的迭代器
//以懒加载的方式加载可用的服务提供者
//懒加载的实现是:解析配置文件和实例化服务提供者的工作由迭代器本身完成
public Iterator<S> iterator() {
return new Iterator<S>() {
//按照实例化顺序返回已经缓存的服务提供者实例
Iterator<Map.Entry<String,S>> knownProviders
= providers.entrySet().iterator();
public boolean hasNext() {
if (knownProviders.hasNext())
return true;
return lookupIterator.hasNext();
}
public S next() {
if (knownProviders.hasNext())
return knownProviders.next().getValue();
return lookupIterator.next();
}
public void remove() {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
};
}
//为指定的服务使用指定的类加载器来创建一个ServiceLoader
public static <S> ServiceLoader<S> load(Class<S> service, ClassLoader loader)
{
return new ServiceLoader<>(service, loader);
}
//使用线程上下文的类加载器来创建ServiceLoader
public static <S> ServiceLoader<S> load(Class<S> service) {
ClassLoader cl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
return ServiceLoader.load(service, cl);
}
//使用扩展类加载器为指定的服务创建ServiceLoader
//只能找到并加载已经安装到当前Java虚拟机中的服务提供者,应用程序类路径中的服务提供者将被忽略
public static <S> ServiceLoader<S> loadInstalled(Class<S> service) {
ClassLoader cl = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
ClassLoader prev = null;
while (cl != null) {
prev = cl;
cl = cl.getParent();
}
return ServiceLoader.load(service, prev);
}
public String toString() {
return "java.util.ServiceLoader[" + service.getName() + "]";
}
}